Transcript Star Cluster M80 in Milky Way

Star
Life
Cycles
I. Dark Nebulas: Cold Clouds
of gas and dust located in
arms of galaxies.
a. Gravity pulls gas and dust
together to form protostar
(no fusion).
Young Protostars in Dark Nebula
II. MAIN SEQUENCE STARS: Stars
that are in the first part of their life
cycle, fusing hydrogen to helium.
a. Star size is indirectly proportional to life span.
b. Star size affects temperature and color
Size
Color
Surface
Temperature
Life Span
(yrs)
Small
Red
3,000 K
Trillions
Average
(sun)
Yellow
10,000 K
Billions
Massive
Blue
40,000 K
Millions
Sulaphat and its two companion
stars (oval shape), 600 light years
away!
MASSIVE BLUE
GIANT STARS in
constellation
LYRA
III.RED GIANTS: When a main sequence
star uses up all of its hydrogen fuel
and starts expanding under helium carbon fusion or other advanced
stages of fusion.
RED
GIANTS
Red Giants
in old star
cluster
M80
orbiting
Milky
Way
IV.Star Death – when fusion stops at
the core and gravity collapses the
star.
M.Sequene
Star Type
Giant
Giant Phase
Fusion
Event
End
Red Dwarf
Red Giant
He - C
Outer layers
expand out
White Dwarf
Yellow
Red Giant
He - C
Outer layers
expand out
White Dwarf
Blue
Super
Giants
Heavier
elements
Super Nova
Neutron star
Black hole
V. WHITE DWARFS - When a red giant
runs out of helium to carbon fusion,
the outer layers expand and leave a
white hot core.
Death of a low to
medium mass star.
This is not a
supernova event.
Zoom
Views of
M4
White
Dwarfs
VI. SUPERNOVA – Explosion of a large
super giant by caused by gravity’s
crushing force.
VII. Compact Cores – gravity begins
to change and destroy matter.
VIII. Evidence for Black Holes
• Super fast orbiting stars & gas
• Radiation from poles of quasars
• Mathematics of Enormous Mass = Gravity
Chandra X-Ray
Super fast orbiting
stars at the center of
our galaxy orbiting
something invisible.
Galaxy M83,
BLACK HOLE AT CENTER
http://chandra.harvard.edu/phot
o/chronological.html
http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/newsdesk/archive/releases/1996/22/