Transcript Invention and Innovations

Invention and Innovations
7th Grade
Patent
• A record explaining an invention. It
protects an invention from being stolen.
First Patent
• Issued to Joseph Jenks
U.S. Patents since 1646
• 5 Million +
History of Invention
• Inventions of the:
• Stone Age: axes, and tools made of stone
People invented ways of creating
pottery
• Bronze Age: wheel, plow, irrigation and
writing. These were the building blocks
for later inventions.
• Iron Age: the screw pump,
History of Invention
• Inventions of the:
• The Industrial Revolution: (17501850)
• Steam engine, telegraph, better ways
to plant and grow crops
• Information Age: vacuum tubes,
transistors, used in television,
computers
Discovery
• A discovery is made when something that
naturally occurs is first noticed.
•Electricity 1752
•Vacuums
•Newton’s Laws of Motion 1666
Invention
• An invention is a new idea, process, or
device. Humans design and create
inventions
Devices and Machines
• Devices and machines. These are
inventions with moving parts or electrical
circuits used to do work.
Products
• Products. These are
manufactured
artifacts. Examples of
products include:
• ink pens
• sporting equipment
• clothing
• even artwork
• pieces of music
• food
Processes
• Processes. These are new techniques and
ways of doing things.
• Processes can be changes in the way
products are manufactured.
• They can also be new techniques for
performing surgeries, growing crops, or
making medicines.
Processes
Problem Solving
• Inventing follows a set of steps. It is a
process. The process begins with a problem
and ends with a solution.
Trouble Shooting
• A technique used to find the cause of a
problem in a technological system.
Experimentation
• Problem solving step that is used to carry
out tests on technological products and
systems.
Identify the
problem
Review
Collect
Information
Think
Experiment
Creatively
Problem
• A problem is anything that can be made
better through change.
• Example: the time and effort it takes to
mow the lawn is a problem.
Challenge
• A challenge is also a problem.
• A challenge is an obstacle or
goal that needs to be met.
• Example: to safely travel to
the planet Mars.
Collect Information
• Research Techniques used by Inventors:
• Interview Experts.
• Read Books,
Magazines, and Academic
Journals.
Inventors keep up with and record their progress
by keeping notebooks or personal journals.
Think Creatively
• Requires the human brain.
• Inventors create:
o
sketches
o
drawings
o
charts
o
graphs
To aid in the creative process.
Experiment
• In this step the inventor builds inventions.
They use drawings created in the last
step.
• This step may take weeks or even years.
Review
• After the invention works, inventors review
their notebooks. They make sure that the
invention solves the problem.
• If the invention does not solve the
problem, the inventor starts over again
with step one.
• If the problem is solved, the invention
process is solved.
Why People Invent
• #1 Social Inventions
• #2 Financial Inventions
• #3 Leisure Inventions
Social Inventions
• Social inventions are
created to help the
inventor or other people.
They make our lives
better. These inventions
impact society.
• Example: a jar opener for
the elderly,
vaccines for children
Financial Inventions
• Most inventions are created to make money.
These are called financial inventions.
• Financial inventions often make things faster or
easier to do.
• Example: Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin to
process cotton faster.
Leisure Inventions
• Leisure inventions are created for the
pleasure of inventing. Inventors who like to
tinker create things.
• Example: Rube Goldberg was a cartoonist
who drew funny leisure inventions.
Innovation
• Inventors do not
always invent new
devices. They often
create innovations.
• Innovation is the
process of altering an
existing product or
system to improve it.
Adaptations
• Adaptations are developed when
inventions are used for something other
than the purposes for which they were
intended.
• Medicines are adapted when used to treat
ailments besides the one they were meant
to cure.
Spin-offs
• NASA has created over one thousand inventions
that have been adapted to solve other problems.
• These adaptations are known as spin-offs.
• Racecar drivers now use technology from space
suits worn by Apollo astronauts.
• Cordless power tools were first used in space.
• The suits firefighters wear are NASA spin-offs
• Spin-offs are inventions that have been adapted
to solve other problems.
Innovations and Adaptations
• Innovations and adaptations make
devices, products, and processes easier to
use. They help to make inventions better
and more useful.
• Innovations are an important part of
invention
Important Inventions
• 20th Century Inventions
Thank you
Go Out and Invent
Something