Transcript Giving a Presentation

Giving a Presentation
Chapter 12
After completing this
chapter, you will be able to
• Define delivery and explain the four
methods of delivery
• Demonstrate nonverbal components of
personal delivery style
• Explain how to rehearse a speech
• Describe ways of developing speech
confidence and managing stage fright
• Demonstrate how to adapt to distractions
during a presentation
• Demonstrate how to handle question-andanswer periods and team presentations
• Follow guidelines for using media aids
The delivery of a message
is as vital to the success
of a presentation as the
message itself.
Methods of Delivery
• Extemporaneous Method
• use a prepared outline but do not plan out each
sentence
• Impromptu Method
• delivered with little or no preparation
• Manuscript method
• written out entirely and delivered word-for-word
from a typed or handwritten paper
• Memorized Method
• Written our entirely and delivered word-for-word
without notes or a manuscript
Extemporaneous
Method
Advantages
Speaker is very
organized and rarely
forgets what to say,
appears confident,
and
can be flexible. You
can rephrase ideas
as
necessary.
Disadvantages
Speakers may
stumble
over words or forget
the
next main idea. You
still have to prepare
and
rehearse.
Impromptu Method
Advantages
Disadvantages
It sounds natural and
builds organizational
skills under pressure.
You have no notes to
rely on, so you may
become nervous and
lose your train of
thought. You have
nothing to fall back
on.
Manuscript Method
Advantages
Disadvantages
It allows the
speaker to
choose the
wording
carefully. Ideas
are fully
developed.
Speakers may just
read
without
expression or
looking up.
Memorized Method
Advantages
Disadvantages
It can be carefully
crafted, like the
manuscript
method.
It is easy to forget
when
you are nervous.
Personal delivery style
refers to the nonverbal
messages you communicate
during a speech – your
appearance, voice, eye
contact, facial expression,
gestures, and body
movements.
Gestures are movements of
the head, shoulders, hands,
or arms that speakers use to
describe or emphasize a
point.
Gestures are a NATURAL
part of communication.
Good speakers use
movement to make their
message clearer to the
audience.
Guidelines for Using
Movement
1. Take a few steps during the
major transitions in a speech.
2. When you move, face the same
direction you are moving.
3. Stand BALANCED on BOTH
FEET.
Appearance matters when
you are giving a speech.
You are communicating with
your audience from the
moment you enter a room,
and they will form an initial
impression of you based on
your clothes, hair, and
jewelry.
If you can’t
at your
audience when you are
speaking to them, you will
lose their attention and
respect.
Facial expressions should
match the tone of your
speech. It should reflect
the emotions you are
asking the audience to feel.
Voice is like
a musical instrument, capable
of great variety. Use this
variety to your advantage.
Elements of Voice
• Rate (speed)
• Pitch (highs and lows of your
vocal range)
• Volume (loudness or softness)
• Tone (emotion expressed by
voice)
• Clarity (clearness of words)
Competent speechmaking
requires practice.
Rehearsing involves
ordering the ideas in your
mind and polishing your
delivery.
Ordering the Speech in
Your Mind
1.
2.
3.
4.
Read over your outline silently two or
three times.
Read over your outline aloud.
Try to give your speech without looking
at your note cards. Practice gestures
and movements. Even if you can’t
remember certain points, go through your
entire speech without stopping.
Repeat steps 1 – 3 until you can complete
your speech without any errors.
Polishing your Delivery
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Imagine your audience in your mind. Set
chairs in front of you or have friends
listen. Practice with visual aids.
Try to connect with your audience.
Adapt to your listeners.
Give special attention to the
introduction, conclusion, and any stories,
examples, or jokes. Memorize these
parts so that you do not have to read
from note cards.
Spread your rehearsal time over 3 or 4
days.
Stage fright is extreme
nervousness when talking to
an audience.
What happens when you
are nervous?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
“Butterflies” in the stomach.
Dry mouth
Fast breathing
Pounding heart
Shaky legs
Shifting from foot to foot
Tense voice
Sweaty palms
Tips for Developing
Confidence
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Prepare thoroughly.
Rehearse aloud.
Breath deeply.
Start strong.
Reduce signs of nervousness.
Display media aids effectively.
Read nonverbal feedback.
Each speaker has to be
prepared to improvise
when the unexpected
occurs.
What would you do if…
• you are giving a speech when an
announcement comes over the
loudspeaker?
• you stumble and nearly fall down on
your way to the front of the room?
• halfway through your speech, you
realize that your remaining note
cards are out of order?
• the computer program locks during
your PowerPoint presentation.
Guides for Q&A
1. Think before you speak.
2. Listen to the question.
3. Make sure that all listeners
have heard the question.
4. Limit your answer.
5. Avoid a debate.
Guides for Team
Presentations
1. Plan what each
person will talk
about and stick
to it.
2. Watch your
time.
3. Pay attention
to each other.
Factors for Choosing
Media Aids
CAPS
Capabilities (What are you capable of
doing?)
Area (How well can the audience
see?)
Purpose (What do you hope to
convey?)
Setting (Where will you be?)
Summary
• Different situations call for different methods of
delivery; including extemporaneous, impromptu,
manuscript, and memorized.
• Your personal delivery style is determined by your
body language, eye contact, and vocal qualities.
• You should dress appropriately, stand on both feet,
establish eye contact, and vary the rate, pitch, and
volume of your voice.
• When you rehearse, first order the speech in your
mind then polish your delivery.
• You can control stage fright by practicing your
speech thoroughly.
• Remain calm if something unexpected happens.
• Evaluate visual aids on the basis of these four
factors: capabilities, area, purpose, and setting.