Transcript Ex - ACS105

NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
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CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Verbal(adj. ): spoken
Antonym : Nonverbal (adj. )
Ex: The proportion of verbal communication is less
than nonverbal communication
Ex: Nonverbal communication tells a lot about a
person.
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Attitude(n): a general opinion or feeling
about someone or something
Collocations : Good/ bad attitude
attitude to/ towards
Ex: He is a lazy student with a bad attitude
Ex: They have a positive attitude towards life
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Communication(n): the process of sharing
information or expressing thoughts and feelings
Word Formation : Communicate (v)
Collocations : communicate by something
communicate with somebody
Ex: Years ago, radio was the only way for
communication
Ex: When she was abroad, they communicated by email and mobile phone.
Ex: They avoided communicating with each other
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Complex(adj.): consisting of many different
parts and often difficult to understand
Synonyms : complicated
Antonym : simple
Ex: They have a complex registration system.
Ex: The relationship between media and government is
complex.
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Interpret(v): To explain or determine the
meaning of a statement, action, event,etc.
Word Formation : Interpretation (n)
Ex: His comments were interpreted as an attack on the
government.
Ex: There are many interpretations of the book.
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Misunderstand(v): to fail to understand
someone or something correctly
Word Formation : Misunderstanding (n)
Collocations : lead to/cause misunderstanding
avoid misunderstanding
Ex: She misunderstood me in the party and she has not
talked to me since then.
Ex: His behaviors caused a misunderstanding
Ex: To avoid misunderstanding, I need to explain why I
did not come to meeting yesterday.
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Frustrated(adj.): annoyed and upset because
things are not happening in the way you want
Word Formation : Frustrating (adj)
Synonyms : unhappy
Collocations : get frustrated
Ex: He gets frustrated when people do not understand him.
Ex: It is very frustrating to see people waste their money.
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Humor(n): the ability to laugh and recognize
something is funny
Word Formation : Humorous (adj. )
Synonyms : funny (adj)
Collocations : sense of humor
Ex: You need to have a sense of humor to be succesful in this job
Ex: He told us humorous stories and made everyone laugh.
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Previewing the Academic Content
 The process of sending and receiving messages without
words is called nonverbal communication.
 Nonverbal Communication includes the use of the body
and face to express meaning.
 This element of communication is central to how people
understand and relate to one another.
 Each day people send and receive thousand of nonverbal
messages.
 Nonverbal communication is complex because people
interpret them according to their own culture and
background.
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1. Read the paragraph about a study by psychologist
Albert Mehrabian and study pie chart showing
Mehrabian’s findings.
1.
2.
3.
How much meaning is expressed through words when
those words semm to be different from nonverbal
signals?
How much meaning is expressed through nonverbal
communication ?
Do these findings surprise you ?
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2. Look at the photo on page 139. What attitudes and
feelings does each person show? Write W for the woman,
M for the man and B for both. Some of choices may not
be correct for either person.
3. Discuss the questions below.
1. Which attitudes did you choose?
2. How did the people’s bodies, hands, and faces help you
understand their feelings?
3. What do you think is happening in this situation? What
do you think the people are saying? Do their nonverbaş
messages match what you think they are saying ?
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Previewing the Academic Skills Focus
Inference
 Writers and speakers do not always state their meaning, purpose
or feelings directly.
 They often imply, or suggest, these things by giving certain types
of clues.
 The reader or listener must look for these clues and put together
all the information given to infer, or guess, the meaning,
purpose, and feelings.
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 To make inferences, look for these types of details:
 Content: What facts or information are included or not
included?
 Word Choice: What attitudes or opinions does the choice of
words show?
 Intonation or stress: How does the speaker say something?
What does this show ?
 To check your inference, ask: How do I know the writer
meant this ?
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1. Make inferences to understand the cartoon on page 140.
1. Where are the two men ? What do you think people do
at this place?
The two men are probably at work—the Institute of
Nonverbal Communication. At this place, they probably
study nonverbal communication
2. Who are the two men ? How are they dressed? How
old are they?
The men probably work together. They are dressed in suits.
They look older, probably in their 50s or 60s.
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3. What is happening in the cartoon ? What are the men
doing? What meaning and feelings do their actions
express ?
One man, probably a manager looks angry. He has probably
fired the other man. He’s showing him to leave.
The other man looks upset at the manager. His gesture shows
him that he’s fed up and no longer cares about his job.
4. How do men feel about each other? How do you know?
They probably don’t like each other. They look angry.
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2. Listen and make inferences about a comment made by a
students from a class on nonverbal communication. Take notes
to answer the questions.
1. What is the student’s purpose for sharing this information ?
What specific facts or information does she include to
communicate this purpose?
She’s sharing information by giving examples of how her
brother says he listens, but in fact, he doesn’t. She says his
doesn’t look at her when she talks to him, or he does
something else.
2. How does the student feel? Which words show this ? Does
she use stress or intonation to show her feelings?
She feels upset. She says, “I don’t believe him.” “He’s not
listening.” Her intonation is strong, negative.
KEY WORDS
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Appropriate(adj.): correct or good for a particular
time , situation, or purpose
Antonym : Inappropriate (adj)
Ex: Your clothes are not appropriate for a job
interview.
Ex: It is an inappropriate behavior to send text
messages during a lecture.
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Assume(v): to think that something is true even
though you do not know it is
Word Formation : Assumption(n)
Ex: I did not see you in class, so I assumed that you
were ill that day.
Ex: Let’s assume that we could not solve the problem,
what would happen ?
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Gesture(n): a movement of your head, arm
or hand to express your feeling
Ex: From his gestures, I understood that he did not like
the idea.
Ex: Because he could not speak English, he used his
gestures to tell his problem.
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Potential(n): the possibility that something
will develop or happen in a particular way
Collocations : have potential
show potential
Ex: She proved that she has the potential to do what
ever she wants.
Ex: You need to show your potential to people around
you.
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Regulate(v): to control an activity or process,
usually by having rules
Ex: Sometimes you need to use nonverbal and verbal
communication to regulate the conversation.
Ex: There are certain rules which regulate the use of
chemicals in foods.
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Signal(n): a sound, action, or event that gives
information or tells someone to do something
Ex: Sometimes nonverbal signals tell more than the
verbal signals
Ex: She has not come to meeting. It may be a signal
that she will leave the job soon.
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Before You Listen
 Kinesics is a type of nonverbal communication that
studies gesture-the movements of body.
 Answer the questions about gestures.
1. Look at the gestures that means “I don’t know” in Western
cultures. Do you know of any other meanings for this
gesture? Do you know of any other gestures that signal
the same meaning ?
2. Do you know any gestures to communicate these ideas?
Good Job
No Way!
Watch out !
Pay Attention!
Who?Me?
Good-bye
Come here
3. Do you think gestures mean the same thing in every
culture ?
4. Do you know of any gesture that is appropriate in one
culture but not in another?
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Global Listening
1. Listen to the lecture and group discussion. Take notes on
the main ideas.
2. Read the statements on page 141 and decide if they are
true(T) or false (F)
1. F
2. T
3. F
4. F
5. T
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3. Review the skill box on page 140. Listen to the excerpts from
the lecture and circle the correct answer to complete each
statement. For each statement, note specific words or other
clues that helped you infer the meaning.
Excerpt One
1. to understand the use of
Notes: gestures are not the same across cultures
2. can
Notes: “you must be careful” suggests that people can choose
how to use gestures
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Excerpt Two
3. talk too much
Notes: “polite, quiet” vs. “they talked and talked”; uses falling
intonation; sounds a bit upset
4. different
Notes: difficulty communicating in a new culture shows this
difference
Excerpt Three
5. agree
Notes: “now I understand” means that she learned how to
communicate in the new culture
Excerpt Four
6. inform
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Focused Listening
1. Listen again to the lecture and the discussion. Answer
the questions on page 142.
1.
2.
3.
1. raising a hand; looking in the eye; raise eyebrows
2. thumbs up; finger to lips
3. waves hand, calls out answer, doesn’t give others a
chance to talk
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Making Inferences about Speaker’s Attitude
 An attitude is how someone generally feels or thinks
about something.
 Speaker’s often do not directly state their attitudes.
 In this case, the listener must listen carefully for specific
clues that suggest what the speaker is feeling.
 To make inferences about a speaker’s attitude, listen for:
 The speaker’s word choices:
 Words like good or best show a positive attitude, while
words like bad or wrong show a negative attitude.
 Also certain words make an idea stronger- for example,
very, really,so, and just
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 Stress:
 A speaker may emphasize words to show strong feelings
 Listen to the example :


No.
NO!
 Intonation:
 Speakers often use rising intonation to show positive
feelings and falling intonation to show negative feelings.
 Listen to Example:


“Good Morning!” (rising intonation)
“Good Morning.” (falling intonation)
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2. Read the words. Decide if their meaning shows a positive
or negative attitude.Write + for positive and – for
negative.
Positive
Negative
2. comfortable,
4. enough,
5. fine,
6. good,
8. help,
9. polite,
15. yes
1. but,
3. difficult,
7. hard,
10. problem,
11. rude,
12. too much,
13.trouble,
14. uncomfortable
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3. Listen to the excerpts from the lecture and discussion. Listen
for stress, intonation, and word choice to infer attitude. Write
+ for positive and – for negative. Then use the words in the
box on page 143 and fill in the blanks.
Excerpt One
 general attitude: negative
 frustrated, upset, uncomfortable
Excerpt Two
 general attitude: positive
 confident, relaxed
Excerpt Three
 general attitude: negative
 frustrated, offended, upset
Excerpt Four
 general attitude: positive
 helpful
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Analyze(v): to look at or think about the parts of
something in order to understand the whole thing
Word Formation : Analysis (n)
Ex: You need to analyze the data we sent yesterday.
Ex: After a detailed analysis of the news, he decided to
make an announcement
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Calm(adj.): relaxed and quiet,not angry or
upset
Word Formation : Calm Down (phr.v.)
Definition : to become quiet and relaxed after you
have been angry.
Ex: During the meeting, I tried to stay calm and ignored
him and his criticisms.
Ex: Try to calm down now and tell me where you saw
the thief.
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Method(n): a planned way of doing something
Collocations : method of/for doing something
Ex: We need to think about a different method of
solving this problem.
Ex: They have effective methods for releasing daily
stress.
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Brief(adj): continuing for a very short time
Synonyms : short
Ex: He gave a brief description of the duties we are
responsible for the term.
Ex: They have come here for a brief visit. They will
leave in two days.
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Inform(v): to give information
Collocations : Inform somebody of/about something
Ex: In case of an emergency, you need to inform the
police
Ex: Please inform us about any change of address.
Ex:
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Require(v): to need something
Word Formation : Requirement(n)
Ex: These flowers require regular watering
Ex: The immigrants main requirement is food and
clothes.
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Agitated(adj. ): so nervous and upset that you
can not stay calm
Ex: She got more agitated when they talked to her.
Ex: My father gets agitated if we do not listen to him.
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Refuse(v): to say that you will not do
something that someone asked you to do
Antonym : accept
Collocations : refuse to do something
Ex: The teacher refused to give break without finishing
the task.
Ex: She asked him to leave, but he refused.
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Unable(adj.): not able to do something
Collocations : unable to do something
Ex: She was unable to finish the assignment on time
Ex: I was unable to sleep, so I got up and watched TV.
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Before You Read
1. Work with a partner and take turns talking for 60
seconds about what you are going to do after class
today.
1.
2.
3.
During how much of your conversation did you look at
each other- for more than half or less than half of the
time?
Did you look at your partner more when you were
speaking or when you were listening?
What percentage of the time do you think people look at
one another during a conversation ?
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2. Read the textbook paragraph on page 144 and discuss
the questions on page 145.
1. Look at you notes from Exercise 1. Was your experience
similar to or different from Argyle and Cook’s findings?
2. Do you think the results of the study would be the
same or different in your culture?
3. In what situations is it appropriate and inappropriate to
gaze at another person in your culture? How is this
different from other cultures you know of ?
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Global Reading
1. Read the student summary and classmates’ comments
from the website of an online communication class.
Underline the main ideas.
Paragraph 1: In her study, she shows that the use of gaze is a very
important part of regulating face-to-face communication in
difficult situations for a police officer.
Paragraph 2: Kidwell reviewed real video from the television show
COPS to study how police officers use gaze.
Paragraph 3: Kidwell cites other studies . . . because they found
that gaze is very important for knowing if a person is
participating in a conversation.
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Paragraph 4: when the hysterical woman in COPS refuses to
look at the police officer, the officer understands it as an
important sign of problems with their communication.
Paragraph 5: Kidwell concludes that gaze is the most
important method of regulating face-to-face interaction.
Paragraph 6: touching someone’s face like that would make
them very uncomfortable.
Paragraph 7: The research says that looking away helps
people shut out everything else so they can think.
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2. Complete the main idea statements about the summary and
the students’ comments.
1. Mardi Kidwell’s study shows that gaze is a very important part
of regulating communication.
2. The method of Kidwell’s study was analyzing video from a
television program showing police at work.
3. Earlier studies showed that gaze is very important for
knowing if a person is active in a conversation.
4. Kidwell found that when the woman refused to meet the
officer’s gaze, he saw it as a problem and tried to fix the
situation.
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5. The conclusion of Kidwell’s study is that gaze is the most
important method of regulating face-to-face
communication.
6. Akiko thinks that in her culture, the policeman’s actions
would be very inappropriate.
7. Robert (in response to Akiko) says that other research
found that avoiding gaze like the woman in the video was
doing helps people think.
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Focused Reading
1. Complete the statements with details from the website
on page 145 & 146.
1. the year 2006
2. reality television program
3. many different ways
4. feels uncomfortable
5. rules of gaze
6. when they need to think
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Inferring Word Meaning from Context
 In academic settings, you will be expected to learn a lot of
new vocabulary
 You can infer a new word’s meaning by looking at clues in
the context.
 Look for these kinds of clues:
 Synoyms:
 She was very quiet and tranquil
 Antonyms and Contrasts
 The woman was very upset earlier, but now she is sedate
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 Explanations or examples used with the word
 Eye contact, gestures, and smiling are all examples of
kinesics.
 Grammar
Word form
 His nonverbal signals seemed aggressive.
adjective
2. Work in small groups.Infer the meaning from the reading
by following the steps below:
 Scan the website on page 145&146 for the words listed in
the chart.
 Look for clues about the word’s meaning.
 Write the type of each clue.
 Write a definition for each word.
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WORD
CLUES
TYPE OF CLUES
DEFINITION
Traumatic
(para.1)
People hurt,upset
Car accidents
Difficult situations
Explanation
Example
Synoym
Very bad, upsetting
Hysterical
(Para. 2, 4)
“very upset,”
“unable to
communicate”
grandson was shot
synonyms
explanation
so upset or afraid that
you can’t do something
refuse
(para. 3, 4)
“make it difficult”
woman wouldn’t
look at officer
makes her “give” gaze
word form—verb
synonym
explanation
contrast
grammar
to not do or give
something
that someone wants
avert
(para. 7)
“look away” “like the
woman did”
word form—verb
synonym
example
grammar
to look away
footage
(paragraph
9)
“videotape”
word form = noun
synonym
grammar
Film
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3. Write two other words from the website in the chart in
Exercise 2. Infer their meanings from context.
4. You will do an experiment in which you break a wellknown nonverbal communication rule. Follow the steps
on page 149 to do the experiment.
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