Transcript APHG UNIT III - Ms. Woods` Website

There’s no hug like an APHuG!
CULTURE
Where are Folk
and Popular
Activities
Distributed?
the body of material traits,
customary beliefs, and social
norms that define the distinct
tradition of a people.
Important divisionMATERIAL CULTURE - the
physical objects, resources,
and spaces that people use to
define their culture
NONMATERIAL CULTURE
- the nonphysical ideas that
people have, including
beliefs, values, rules, norms,
morals, language, and
institutions
CULTURE is made up of the
CUSTOMS of its people.
 A Habit is a repetitive act
performed by an individual.
A Custom is a repetitive
and defining act
performed by a group.
Customs Include:
Behavior
Clothing
Music
Food
Sports
Attitudes…
Two major categories of CUSTOMS-
1.) Daily necessities
• Food, Clothing,
Hygeine & Shelter
2.) Leisure Activities
• Arts & Recreation
DAILY NECESSITIES
MISWAK
(rural Arab
world)
LEISURE ACTIVITIES
Folk and
Popular
Culture
FOLK culture is STATIC and is
practiced in more isolated places
and by relatively homogenous
groups
POPULAR culture is
DYNAMIC and is found in larger,
more connected, and more
heterogeneous places
-Anonymous/unrecorded hearths
-Multiple hearths, separated by
isolation
-Unrecorded dates (timeless)
-Unidentified/unrecorded
originators
-Unofficial transmission- Oral
stories/skills, often unwritten
-Product of developed countries
-Typically North American or
European (exceptions)
-Origin usually traceable to
specific party in a particular place
and time
-Time-sensitive (reflects current
paradigm)
Small
scale and slow
transmission from
one location to
another, primarily
through relocation
diffusion (migration)
Often transmitted by way of
hierarchical diffusion
Diffuses rapidly and
extensively from specialized
nodes of innovation (hearths)
with help of modern
communications

TECHNOLOGY


MUSIC


Motown (soul), Nashville (country),
urban centers (hip hop)…
MOVIES


‘Silicon Valley’; Japan, S. Korea…
Hollywood, Bollywood, Egypt…
FASHION

NYC, Paris, London, LA…
Combination of local physical and
cultural factors influence
distinctive distributions.
Isolation from other
cultures/groups because of
physical barriers —e.g., long
distances and mountain ranges
Religion has heavy influence
Art from several cultural groups in proximity
to each other – different due to varying
environmental/religious experiences
Widely distributed across many
countries with little/no regard for
physical factors
 Stimulus diffusion
Principal obstacle to access is lack
of income to purchase the
material (technology, fashion, etc..)
FOLK and
POPULAR
MUSIC
 Originates anonymously
 Transmitted orally (often unrecorded)
 Content centers on events in daily life
that are familiar to most people, like Daily Life events
E.g., birth, death, marriage, love, loss
 Environmental features
E.g., agriculture or climate
 Religion
Women in Kalahari desert region
dancing/singing upon first rains of season
Like other folk
artifacts, folk music
is STATIC,
relatively
unchanging over
time.
 Music written by specific individuals with
the intent of being Sold as a recording
 Performed in front of a paying audience
 Often displays a high degree of technical
skill or refinement
 Transmitted/diffused through technology
 Strong connections with other similar (but
possibly disparate) musicians
LANDSCAPE
OF MUSIC
PROJECT
Popular music is
highly DYNAMIC,
changing and
shifting rapidly
along with cultural
preferences.
Sports originated as isolated folk
customs and diffused like other
folk culture via relocation
diffusion.
Once a sport becomes focused on
profitable consumption by a MARKET
(teams, leagues) and its rules become
STANDARDIZED, it has become
POPULAR.
Some sports have diffused more
widely than others
…But none has diffused as
widely as SOCCER, the world’s
most popular sport
SOCCER was invented in the 11th
century in ENGLAND.
 Different versions of the game were
played in different towns/cities

 Over
time, the game became more
standardized and popular in England
During the Industrial Rev’n,
factories would form teams to
play other factories
 In 1863, the first LEAGUE is
formed, and the rules were fully
standardized for the first time.

 People
begin to PAY to watch
games- and athletes get PAID
(spectator sport)


Travelers to England, and those in
contact with English travelers, hear
about or play the sport. Dutch
students bring it to Continental
Europe in the 1870s; Spanish miners
start playing in the 1880s.
Soccer is spread worldwide by
empires, especially the BRITISH
EMPIRE.
Today, soccer is by far the most widely
dispersed sport in the world. Because it is so
simple, it is often called the ‘poor mans sport.’

To qualify as an
Olympic event, a
sport must:
Be widely played in
at least 75 countries,
AND
 Be played in
countries on 4
continents


There are currently
28 Olympic events
NEITHER of the two most popular sports in the
USA are played in the Olympics.
American Football
Baseball (made a few Olympic appearances)

CRICKET is played in many former
British colonies, including countries in
the Caribbean, India, and Australia.

WUSHU is a form or martial arts; it is the
most popular sport in China. Millions pay
to see matches or choreographed
performances.
 RUGBY was adapted from SOCCER


in 1823 when a player in RUGBY,
ENGLAND picked up the ball and ran;
the crowd loved it.
Today, Rugby is widely played in
former British colonies, like Cricket.
The sport is most popular in
AUSTRALIA and NEW ZEALAND, and
became an OLY MPIC EVENT in 2016.