Transcript Islamic Empire

600 – 1000 AD
ISLAMIC EMPIRE
REVIEW:

Beliefs, traditions, and customs of Islam

Monotheism: Allah (Arabic word for God)

Qur’an (Koran): The word of God

Five Pillars of Islam

Acceptance of Judeo-Christian prophets,
including Moses and Jesus
ORIGINS OF ISLAM
Muhammad, the Prophet
 Mecca and Medina on the Arabian Peninsula

SPREAD OF ISLAM
Across Asia and Africa and into Spain
 Muslim empire:

SPREAD OF ISLAM

Diffusion along trade routes from Mecca and
Medina

Expansion despite distances, deserts, and
mountains

Spread into the Fertile Crescent, Iran, and
Central Asia helped by weak Byzantine and
Persian empires
WARM UP:

Who is the founder of Islam?

Explain how Islam came to be a religion.
 How
did it spread?
 Where did it spread to?
 Why did it appeal to people at that time?
FIRST MUSLIM EMPIRE
 The
first Muslim empire was short-lived
 Arabic
language spread
 Slavery
was not based on race
HISTORICAL TURNING POINTS

Death of Ali: Sunni-Shi’a division

Sunnis regard Ali as the fourth and last of the
"rightly guided caliphs" (successors to Mohammed
as leader of the Muslims)

Shias feel that Ali should have been the first caliph
and that the caliphate should pass down only to
direct descendants of Mohammed via Ali and
Fatima, They often refer to themselves as ahl al
bayt or "people of the house" [of the prophet].
HISTORICAL TURNING POINTS

Muslim conquests of Jerusalem and Damascus
HISTORICAL TURNING POINTS

Islamic capital
moved to Baghdad
HISTORICAL TURNING POINTS

Fall of Baghdad to the Mongols
HISTORICAL TURNING POINTS
Muslim defeat at the Battle of Tours
 Defeated by Charles Martel of the Carolingian
Franks

WARM UP:

Summarize the Battle of Tours

Explain the division of Islam into Sunni / Shi’a.
 What
happened, Why?
CULTURAL CONTRIBUTIONS & ACHIEVEMENTS

Architecture (Dome of the Rock)

Mosaics

Arabic alphabet

Universities

Translation of ancient texts into Arabic
DOME OF THE ROCK
ISLAMIC MOSAICS
ARABIC ALPHABET & CALLIGRAPHY
SCIENTIFIC CONTRIBUTIONS AND
ACHIEVEMENTS

Arabic numerals (adapted from India, including
zero)

Algebra

Medicine

Expansion of geographic knowledge
ARABIC NUMBERS
ALGEBRA…


(al-jabr, ‫ )الجبر‬Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī
(c. 780-850) learned Indian mathematics and
introduced it to the Muslim world through his
famous arithmetic text, Kitab al-jam’wal tafriq bi
hisab al-Hindi (Book on Addition and Subtraction
after the Method of the Indians). He later wrote alKitāb al-muḫtaṣar fī ḥisāb al-jabr wa-l-muqābala
(The Compendious Book on Calculation by
Completion and Balancing), which established
algebra as a mathematical discipline.
Great… Thanks…
MEDICINE

Latin translations of Arabic medical works had
a significant influence on the development of
modern medicine
MAP? OF WHAT?
MAP!
REVIEW SUMMARY

How did Islamic civilization preserve and extend
ancient learning?

What were some contributions of Islamic
civilization?