Transcript Islam - Weebly

Islam
The servant of God should make the Qur’an his guide
and his protection. On the Day of Judgment, the
Qur’an will precede him and lead him toward
Paradise.
from The Key to Paradise
c. 14th century
Origins of Islam
•Muhammad, the Prophet
•Mecca and Medina on the Arabian
Peninsula
•Early Muslim cities
Mecca
Spread of Islam
•Across Asia and Africa and into
Spain
Geographic influences on the origin and spread
of Islam
• Diffusion along trade routes from Mecca and
Medina
• Expansion despite great distances, desert
environments, and mountain barriers
• Spread into the Fertile Crescent, Iran, and
Central Asia facilitated by weak Byzantine and
Persian empires.
Beliefs, traditions, and customs of Islam
•Monotheism: Allah (Arabic word for God)
•Qur’an (Koran):
The word of God
•Acceptance of Judeo-Christian prophets,
including Moses and Jesus
Beliefs, traditions, and customs of Islam
Five Pillars of Islam
First Pillar: A declaration of faith
Second Pillar: Pray five times a day
Third Pillar: Give charity (alms) to the poor
Fourth Pillar: Fast during the holy month of Ramadan
Fifth Pillar: All those who are physically able should
make the hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca)
Geographic influences on economic, social,
and political development
•Political unity of the first Muslim empire
was short-lived
•Arabic language spread with Islam and
facilitated trade across Islamic lands
•Slavery was not based on race.
Historical Turning Points
•Death of Ali: Sunni-Shi’a division
•Muslim conquests of Jerusalem and
Damascus
•Islamic capital moved to Baghdad
•Muslim defeat at the Battle of Tours
•Fall of Baghdad to the Mongols
Cultural Contributions and Achievements
•Architecture
Dome of the Rock
Cultural Contributions and Achievements
•Mosaics
•Arabic alphabet
•Universities
•Translation of ancient
texts into Arabic
Scientific Contributions and Achievements
•Arabic numerals (adapted from Indian,
including zero (1, 2, 3, 4. . .
•Algebra
x + 5 = 11
•Medicine
•Expansion of geographic knowledge
How did Islamic civilization preserve and extend
ancient Greek, Persian, and Indian learning?
• For each of the contributions we discussed, complete the
following sentence:
• ___________________ was an important Muslim contribution
because ______________________________________