Transcript Hadith

Islam Review
Identifications
 Muslim: person who follows Islam
 Ka’aba: Islam’s holiest shrine – located in Mecca –
Arabic for cube
 Bedouin: desert nomads
 Hadith: sayings and teachings of Muhammad that
did not come directly from the Angel
Gabriel
 Mecca: birthplace of Islam; holiest site
2
Identifications
 Mosque: Muslim place of worship
 Medina: first Islamic community, 2nd Holy city,
Muhammad gains political and religious power
 Hejira: 622 – Muhammad’s journey from Mecca to
Medina; marks first expansion of Islam
 Ramadan: Muslim religious holiday of fasting and
prayer: commemorates when
Muhammad first received the Qur’an
from the Angel Gabriel
Identifications
Night of Power: holiest night in Islam: Gabriel first
appears to Muhammad
Eid ul-Fitr: Muslim feast that celebrates end of Ramadan
People of the Book: Islamic term for Jews and Christians
Shariah: Islamic law = Qur’an and Hadith
Jihad: inner struggle to fulfill one’s religious duties + holy
war in defense of Islam
Identifications
Halal: “permissible,” with respect to food and drink: no
pork or alcohol
Allah: Arabic word for God
Sunni: sect of Islam: believed caliph could be anyone
qualified
Shi’ite: believed caliph should be direct descendant of
Muhammad
Caliph: religious and secular leader of Islam
Identifications
Umayyad Caliphate:
 Capital was Damascus, Syria
 Predominantly Sunni
 Emphasis on Arab language and culture
Identifications
Abbassid Caliphate:
 Capital was Baghdad
 More inclusive of other people: Persians, Turks,
Indians
 First 100 years was known as the Golden Age of
Muslim Rule
Identify the Five Pillars of Islam
1. Declaration of Faith (Shahada)
“There is no God but Allah,
and Muhammad is His Prophet.”
2. Prayers (Salah) 5 X/day: face Mecca
3. Charity (Sawm): give to the old & poor
4. Fasting (Zakat): during Ramadan
5 .Pilgrimage (Hajj): must complete a
pilgrimage to Mecca
What are the two major sects of Islam: Reason
for split?
Two main branches of Islam:
Sunni: caliph can be anyone qualified
Shi’ite = caliph must be a direct descendant
of Muhammad
Give three reasons for the spread of Islam in the 7th
century.
1. The Arab armies were united in their beliefs
2. Weakness of Byzantine and Sassanid Empires
3. Many people welcomed the Arabs as liberators
4. Imposition of the jizya, or non-believer tax
5. Jihad or Holy War
List three lasting contributions of Islamic Civilization
 Made advances in medicine, mathematics, and
architecture
 Improvements in navigation: mariner’s compass and
astrolabe
 Beautiful poetry Arabian Nights, The Rubaiyat
 Muslim scholars preserved much Classical Knowledge
List three similarities between the three monotheistic
religions:
1. Concept of social justice and human equality
2. Belief in an afterlife
3. Recognized many of the same Prophets
4. Holy Bible was considered holy
5. Both emphasized prayer and charity
The Dome of the Rock
The Ka’aba
The Alhambra
The Taj Mahal
The Al Masjid Mosque in
Mecca
True/False Questions
Examples:
1. The Hadith is a sacred text in Islam, because it is the
direct word of God communicated to Muhammad
through the Angel Gabriel.
2. The Abbassid Caliphate was short-lived because it did
not allow people of other ethnic backgrounds into
positions of power.
Multi-Blank Multiple Choice
Example:
Muhammad was a __________ who, at the age of 40,
was first visited by __________. He then began to recite
the ________.
a) Soldier; God; the Holy Bible
b) merchant; the Angel Gabriel; the Qur’an
c) Farmer; the Angel Gabriel; Hadith
d) Bedouin tribesman; Abraham; the Torah