Transcript Continued Arab expansion

Warm-up: Monday

Read the class set and answer the
questions on your warm-up sheet.
The Spread of Islam
Beginnings of an Islamic Empire

By A.D. 631 Muhammad was recognized
as the prophet of God (Allah).
Muhammad was then easily able to
conquer the entire Arabian Peninsula with
little opposition.
Muhammad
A.D. 632 Muhammad died
 During his short reign, he:
◦ founded a new world religion,
◦ united all of the Arabian tribes behind one
central government

Successors of Muhammad (caliphs)
Abu
Bakr
(fatherin-law)
Next 2
assassinated
Ali
(son-inlaw)
Mu’awiyah
(rival of
Ali)
Growth of Islamic Empire



Under the direction of the caliphs, the
Islamic empire continued to spread in
influence, wealth, and power.
The first four successors to Muhammad,
caliphs
known as ______________,
were close
friends and relatives of Muhammad.
Through their military might they greatly
expanded the borders of Islam, bringing their
once great neighbors, the Persians,
completely under their control. These
leaders also conquered much of the
Byzantine empire.
The Umayyad Dynasty
From A.D. 661 until A.D. 750 Islam would be
ruled by the descendants of Mu’ Awiyah known
as the Umayyads.
 Moved capital from Mecca to Damascus
 Expanded throughout Middle East and North
Africa

While the Umayyads were in power,
there was a split within Islam . Why?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Rulers couldn’t decide on where to put
the capital
Disagreement on who should rule Islam
Some did not believe Muhammad was
the true Prophet
They were afraid they spread too quickly
Split in Islam

The followers of Ali were upset that he was killed, and
refused to accept the rule of Mu’ Awiyah.
◦ Instead they installed Husayn, the son of Ali, as their leader.

Those who followed Husayn = Shiite Muslims
◦ Today: leaders must be direct descendents of Muhammad

Those who remained faithful to Mu’ Awiyah = Sunni
Muslims
◦ Today: leaders voted by the members of the community
The rule of the Umayyads

Continued Arab expansion
By 725 most of Iberian peninsula had become a
Muslim state, with its center in Andalusia … but
seven years later, an Arab force pushing into
southern France was fought back by the Franks
at the Battle of Tours
 traditionally viewed as saving Europe from falling
into Muslim hands, but some historians believe
internal exhaustion would have forced retreat
anyway.
The rule of the Umayyads:
Continued Arab expansion
 another Muslim force attacked Constantinople, hoping
to destroy the Byzantine Empire …
 but Byzantines used Greek fire (petroleumbased compound containing quicklime and sulfur) to
destroy the Muslim fleet, thereby blocking the
Arab invasion of Eastern Europe and
indirectly Christian Europe

The Abbasid Dynasty

Internal rebellion brought down
the Umayyad caliphate in 750,
when the Abbasids took
control of the empire.

In A.D. 747 the Shiites and nonArab Muslims gathered together
an army under the leadership of
Abu’ l-‘ Abbas, who was a direct
descendant
__________________
of
Muhammad.
Abbasid Dynasty
Abbas and his descendants would rule Islam until
A.D. 1258.
 Abbas built a new capital city - Baghdad. By A.D.
900 over one million people lived and worked in
Baghdad.

As we can see, Islam spread during this time period.
Spread of Islam Map Activity
Summarize your event – be sure to write
the date
 Using an atlas, locate where the event
occurred
 Share with the class and attach your
sticky note to the classroom’s wall map of
the world (we will do this in
chronological order)

Warm-up: Tuesday
1. Describe the arabesque style.
2. Describe calligraphy within Islamic art
3. Describe one other characteristic of
Islamic art
Warm-up: Wednesday
What is the Islamic influence on Spain?
 Give two specific examples

DBQ: What Islamic achievements
have had a lasting impact on world
cultures?
Get out a sheet of notebook paper and
copy the question above as the title.
 This is page 5
 Create a chart like the one below

Achievement
Document
Your task
You will be assigned one document: 1, 2, or 3
 Analyze and complete the chart.
 Next, form groups of 3 and share what you
learned. Add to your chart.
 Repeat the same steps: 4,5,6
 Repeat the same steps: 7,8,9

Paragraph
What Islamic achievements have had
a lasting impact on world cultures?
Using your chart:
1. Write a thesis that answers the question
(see your title)
2. Support your thesis with 3 examples

- Be sure to cite the documents!
Warm-up: Thursday
ISIS - Caliphate
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http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middleeast-33291429