Transcript Shah Jahan (1628-1658)

Read 10 Min
Newspaper Activity – Groups of 4 - Mughal Empire.
Read first as a group + vocab Ch. 18 Sect. 3
• Newspaper must have a name
• Must include a Headline Article and write up of a major event in that
historical time period
• Must explain the significance, impact and contribution to history and society during
that historical time period and to history as a whole
• 5 W’s
• Must include two editorials of contrasting someone’s opinion of the time
• One must be pro the event/person
• One must be con the event/person
• Must include an advertisement of a product from the time period
• Must include at least 5 visuals
• Authentic prints ok , or hand drawn
• Must be formatted to look like a newspaper
• Must include a biography or interview of a major player in the event
• Must give a firsthand look at a major historical figure and their role, impact, and
contribution to an event in history
• Must include a political cartoon
• Must be equal to 4 pages
1- Arrival of Islam
• After Gupta rule in 500’s small
kingdoms took over many parts
of India
• Arab Muslim traders arrive (West
ports) searching for spices and
other goods
• Muslims peacefully reside with Hindus and Buddhists
• 200 years later, 700’s, Muslim raiders invaded and conquered
the region of Sind(modern day Pakistan)
• 300 years later Muslims poured in from Afghanistan, by 1200’s
northern India mostly Muslim
2 – The Delhi Sultanate
• Muslims est. new gov’t for region based in Delhi, named gov’t
Delhi sultanate
• Allowed Indians to practice traditional customs/religions
• Spread Muslim culture in India by inviting artists and scholars
from Islamic world to India.
• New culture formed including new language, Urdu,
combination of Arabic and Sanskrit
3- A New Empire/Babur
• Delhi Sultanate remained strong for 300 years until 1500’s
• Young conquerer from Central AsiaZahir ud-Din “Babur – The
Tiger” took over
• 1526 defeated rulers of Delhi and created Mughal Empire
• Name comes from Persian word Mogul for “Mongol”
• First Muslim empire
• One of the great civilizations in history known for wealth and
power
4- The Inside Story
• Prince Babur “Tiger” , descendant of both Timur the Great
and Genghis Khan
• By age 11 became king of Fergana, by 14 led army to victory
• Desired massive empire, 1525 attacked India headed for Delhi
when met by Indian army
• Babur lead army of 12,000 troops met India army of 100,000 +
including 1,000 elephants
• Babur’s army special trained and more disciplined also had the
cannon
• First cannon shot scared elephants, turned around and
stampeded through Indian army
5- Akbar the Great
• Grandson of Babur Akbar the Great took over
• 13 when took throne in 1556
• Was greatest Mughal ruler, feared diverse population would
break down empire
• To win people over married nobles daughter, and brought her
brothers to live with him in court
• Promoted religious tolerance, did not believe one religion
could provide all the answers to life's problems, encouraged
discussion/debates and cut taxes on non-muslims
• Had strict financial/military/civil rule over his government, 2/3
of leaders were from outside of Mughal Empire
6- Faces of History : Akbar
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United Indian territory
Abolished slavery, developed trade
Patron of arts, encouraged development of science
Tolerant of non Muslims
Became model for later Mughal rulers
7- Jahangir
• Akbars son Jahangir took over after death of father 1605
• Accepted religious and art tolerance
• Wife, Nur Jahan, born in Persia helped him to adopt many
Persian influences into Indian society
• Would rule for many years for him while ill
• Fought against the Sikhs
• Sikhism – founded by guru Nanak, blended elements of
Islam/Hinduism
• Believe in one god like Islam but Hindu concept of
reincarnation and attempting to escape this cycle of rebirth
Sikh temple
Espanola , NM
8- The Sikhs
• 20 million Sikhs, 500 years ago Guru Nanak founded religion
writing teachings in poems.
• Those teachings and 9 other Gurus (prophets) teachings form
part of the holy book of Sikhism
• Serving others, living a truthful life, belief that all people are
equal regardless of gender/social class core to Sikh spirituality.
• Wear turbans as example of Sikhs strong belief in social
equality
• Prior to Mughal empire only kings and noblemen could wear
turbans, now required for all men and optional for women.
• Honor the human form as created by God Sikhs do not cut
their hair or beards
9- Shah Jahan
• Jahangir’s son, helped lead to cultural golden age
• Constructed the Taj Mahal – greatest example of Mughal
architecture, Designed by Persian architects, displayed
elements of Indian, Persian and Muslim architectural styles
• Built as a tomb for Shah
Jahan’s beloved wife
• Built fancy palaces in Delhi and famous Peacock throne
• Attacked Christians and Hindus
• Taxed people heavily to pay for all, asked for half of all crops
leading to famine
10- Aurangzeb
• 1657 father Shah Jahan grew ill, began to prepare to take
throne. War broke out.
• Shah Jahan unexpectedly recovered, son Aurangzed captured
him and locked him in a prison in Agra.
• Killed all rivals and brought head of brother in a box to show
father, declared himself emperor
• Expanded the territory of India
• Imposed his religious views on society
• His restrictions and persecutions led to many rebellions, sent
soldiers riding elephants to crush protests
11- Decline of the Mughals
• Aurangzeb harsh rule led to many rebellions in late 1600’s
• Upon death civil war broke out for 150 years, invaders from
north flooded in
• Eventually the British took over making it a colony and part of
their global empire
12- Achievements of the
Mughal Emperors
Babur (1526-1530)
• Conquered India
• Founded the Mughal Empire
Akbar (1556-1605)
• Expanded the size of the Mughal Empire
• Built a strong central government
• Promoted religious tolerance
Jahangir (1605-1627)
• Encouraged Persian culture in India
• Supported art and literature
Shah Jahan (1628-1658)
• Promoted literature and arts
• Built the Taj Majal and a capital at Delhi
Aurangzeb (1658-1707)
• Supported the growth of Sunni Islam
• Increased the empire to its largest size
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