Transcript Big Bang Theory notes

Week #4 (11/3-11/7)
Warm Up – Mon, 11/3:
- Get organized!
Science Fun Fact:
Turrialba (44 mi E of San Jose) volcano's largest eruption in over
a century rained ash over parts of central Costa Rica & prompted
the evacuation of some nearby communities. Volcanologist Gino
Gonzalez of the CR National Seismological Network said after
visiting the volcano's rim that the overnight blast caused the side
of the crater to collapse. Ash fall was observed in 4 provinces &
scientists were analyzing its content to determine whether the
eruption could be a precursor to lava emission. He called it the
biggest explosion recorded at Turrialba in at least 100 years.
Agenda:
1.
2.
3.
Astronomy Pre-Test/Learning Goal & Scales
Big Bang Brain Pop!
Universe Analogy poster
Learning Goal: I can compare & contrast the theories that
explain the origin of the universe & our solar system.
Turn in:
Chemistry Word
Graffiti (1/2 credit)
Pick up:
1 divider
A blank piece of
paper
A box of crayons
Astronomy PreTest/Learning Goal &
Scales wkst
Big Bang Brain Pop
Quiz
All graded work
from your student
file!
Homework: None
IS YOUR SCIENCE NOTEBOOK
ORGANIZED???
• Put your
Positivi”Tree” in/on
the outside of your
Science Notebook
for your Qtr 2 Cover
Page.
• Section 3: Chemistry
Pg. 1: Chemistry Pre-Test
Pg. 2: Atomic Theory Cartoon
Pg. 3: History of the Atom WU
Pg. 4: What is an Atom? notes
Pg. 5: Atoms Family notes
Pg. 6: What is Matter? wkst
Pg. 7: History of Atomic Structure
notes
Pg. 8: Atomic Structure packet
Pg. 9: Periodic Table of Elements
Pg. 10: Atomic Parts wkst
Pg. 11: Organize & Predict
Pg. 12: Graphing Review packet
IS YOUR SCIENCE NOTEBOOK
ORGANIZED???
• Section 3: Chemistry
Pg. 13: History of the Atom Review packet
Pg. 14: Atomic Structure packet
Pg. 15: Atoms Brain Pop Quiz
Pg. 16: Metal? Non-metal? Metalloid?
Pg. 17: Solid, Liquid, Gas notes
Pg. 18: Organizing Matter Concept Map
Pg. 19: Heterogenous or Homogenous Meal?
Pg. 20: Classifying Matter notes
Pg. 21: Stuff We’re Made of
Pg. 22: Messing with Mixtures Lab
Pg. 23: Bill Nye: Chemistry video questionnaire
Pg. 24: Intro to Chemistry Quiz
Pg. 25: Chemistry Unit Test Study Guide
Pg. 26: Chemistry Word Graffiti
IS YOUR SCIENCE NOTEBOOK
ORGANIZED???
• Section 4: Astronomy
Pg. 1: Astronomy Pre-Test/Learning Goal & Scales wkst
Pg. 2: Big Bang Brain Pop Quiz
Pg. 3: Universe Analogy Poster
Pg. 4: Ballooniverse Lab
Pg. 5: Big Bang Crash Course video wkst
Pg. 6: Big Bang Theory notes
Week #4 (11/3-11/7)
Warm Up – Tues, 11/4:
- Finish Astronomy Pre-Test
Science Fun Fact:
Certain areas of the sky are marked by constellations.
Today will the sky broken up into 88 constellations. A
constellation of stars is a group of stars that is found to
have a pattern & is named after a mythological figure or
by which form it takes. The constellations were first
identified by the Greeks over 2500 years ago. They have
since seemingly changed positions to where we see them
today.
Turn in:
Chemistry Word
Graffiti (1/2 credit)
Pick up:
 Universe Analogy
paper & pictures
 Scissors
 Glue stick
Agenda:
1. What’s in the Universe?
2. Universe Analogy poster (Pg. 3)
Learning Goal: I can compare & contrast the theories that
explain the origin of the universe & our solar system.
Homework: None
Pg. 1 – Astronomy Learning Goal & Scales
ASTRONOMY UNIT LEARNING
GOAL & SCALES
• Learning Goal:
I can compare & contrast the theories
that explain the origin of the universe &
our solar system.
Pg. 1 – Astronomy Learning Goal & Scales
ASTRONOMY UNIT LEARNING GOAL
& SCALES
• Read through each Unit Objective.
• If you are SUPER DUPER CONFIDENT & CAN APPLY/EXPLAIN
AN EXAMPLE for that objective, draw a blue SMILEY FACE
(4) in that square.
• If you are CONFIDENT that you know/can do that objective,
put a green CHECK MARK (3) in that square.
• GO! ‘cause you KNOW!
• If you HAVE HEARD OF/KIND OF KNOW that objective, put a
yellow STAR (2) in that square.
• HAULT or WAIT…not sure!
• If you HAVE NEVER HEARD OF/DO NOT KNOW that
objective, put a red QUESTION MARK (1,0) in that
square.
• STOP! I have no idea!
How has our
current knowledge
& technology had a
significant impact
on the study of
the astrological
studies of the
origin of our
universe?
WHAT’S IN OUR UNIVERSE?
The universe is a
BIG concept to
understand!
We’re going to make it a bit more
realistic by developing an analogy for the
universe & everything within it!
Pg. 3 – Universe Analogy Poster
THE UNIVERSE
•
•
•
•
•
Universe = EVERYTHING in
space (billions of galaxies)
Galaxies = clumps of
billions of stars held
together by gravity
Solar system = Our sun, the
planets, asteroids
Sun = the only star in our
solar system
Planets = a celestial body
that has a large mass &
orbits a star
BIG
IDEA
LITTLE
IDEA
Pg. 3 – Universe Analogy Poster
MY UNIVERSE
ANALOGY
•
•
•
•
•
Universe = whole CHS
campus
Galaxies = all the
buildings on CHS campus
Solar system = classrooms
within each building on
CHS campus
Sun = the teacher in each
classroom
Planets = the students in
each classroom
BIG
IDEA
LITTLE
IDEA
Pg. 6 – Big Bang Theory notes
INTRODUCTION TO THE
BIG BANG THEORY
THE ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE
Pg. 6 – Big Bang Theory notes
You walk into a theater, on the
screen, you see car parts flying
away in all directions . . .
Pg. 6 – Big Bang Theory notes
WHAT JUST HAPPENED?
State your observation.
State your hypothesis (possible
explanation).
Give your evidence for your
hypothesis.
Can you make a statement about an
event even though you didn’t witness
it happening?
Pg. 6 – Big Bang Theory notes
PLAY THE MOVIE
BACKWARDS
• If you could play the movie
backwards, what would the objects
(cars) be doing?
• Following that thought back to the
very beginning…what was originally
on screen?
The End
Pg. 2 – Big Bang Brain Pop
BRAIN POP! BIG BANG
Brain Pop: Big Bang
• Read through the 10
questions on the Quiz
& be listening for the
answers as you watch
the video!
• Make sure your NAME,
PER & DATE are on
your wkst!
• You WILL be turning
this in TODAY!
Week #4 (11/3-11/7)
Warm Up – Wed, 11/5:
Turn in:
- Crash Course video: Big Bang Theory
Chemistry Word
Graffiti (1/2 credit)
Science Fun Fact:
Big Bang Brain Pop
Scientists believe that we can only see about 5% of
the matter in the universe.
The rest is made up of
invisible matter (Dark
Matter) & a mysterious form
of energy known as Dark
Energy.
Agenda:
1. Ballooniverse Lab & discuss
2. Big Bang Theory notes
Learning Goal: I can compare & contrast the theories that
explain the origin of the universe & our solar system.
Have out:
Pick up:
Ballooniverse Lab
(Pg. 5)
Crash Course video:
Big Bang Theory (Pg.
4)
Big Bang Theory
notes (Pg. 6)
Homework:
Pg. 4 – Ballooniverse lab
Pg. 4 – Ballooniverse lab
Pg. 4 – Ballooniverse lab
Pg. 5 – Crash Course: Big Bang Theory
As you watch the video clip, answer the questions as
best as you can. Be prepared to discuss after the
video.
Click image for link
Pg. 6 – Big Bang Theory notes
EDWIN HUBBLE
(1889-1953)
Astronomer who made several
discoveries that provided clues
for how our universe began:
1.
Galaxies are “building blocks” of the universe.
•
2.
The Milky Way (Earth’s galaxy) was 1 galaxy among
billions of others.
•
3.
What’s the universe?
• Universe: All existing matter, energy & space
What’s a galaxy?
• Galaxy: Is made up of a cluster of stars (solar systems).
There are billions of galaxies within the universe.
The galaxies are spreading apart from each other.
•
How did he figure that out?
• Think about the Ballooniverse Lab…
Pg. 6 – Big Bang Theory notes
The Big Bang Theory
• A scientific theory that states that
the universe was created from a
high density of matter (called a
“singularity”) that expanded at
very hot temperatures, shooting
matter & energy everywhere.
Eventually, the matter began to
cool off & formed various
galaxies.
Pg. 6 – Big Bang Theory notes
Formation of the Universe
One Scientific Theory –
“The Big Bang”
All matter & energy in the universe was
concentrated in an EXTREMELY small volume
13-17 billion years ago, the BIG BANG occurred,
propelling matter & energy in all directions
universe expanded
Gravity condensed (clumped) matter
galaxies
Still many questions remain about the beginning of
the universe
Pg. 6 – Big Bang Theory notes
HUBBLE’S LOGIC
• For the galaxies to expand, they must
have been smaller in history.
• Hubble concluded that there must be
an infinitely dense, infinitely hot starting
point that contained all the matter in
the universe.
• Called a Singularity.
• An enormous expansion set things in
motion.
How does Hubble’s logic compare to yours about the
car crash scene in the movie?
Pg. 6 – Big Bang Theory notes
BUT HOW DID HUBBLE CONCLUDE
THESE THINGS (RIGHT OR
WRONG) ABOUT OUR UNIVERSE?
•What did Hubble (& many
other astronomers &
scientists) study?
•STARS & the energy they give
off!
Pg. 6 – Big Bang Theory notes
THE HEARTBEAT OF A STAR
• What are stars made
of?
• What process is the
“heartbeat” of a star?
• When this process
begins, a star is born,
& when this process
stops, a star dies…
Pg. 6 – Big Bang Theory notes
NUCLEAR FUSION
A star is born when fusion begins in the star’s
core (center)
H + H  He
Fusion is a reaction that combines 2 small nuclei
(H) to form larger nuclei (He)
The result is the release of a large amount of
ENERGY!!! energy
Pg. 6 – Big Bang Theory notes
NUCLEAR FUSION RE-CAP
What are the 2 products (outcomes) of
nuclear fusion?
 Larger
 LOTS
nuclei (atom) - Chemistry
of energy – Physics
Pg. 6 – Big Bang Theory notes
NUCLEAR FUSION RE-CAP
Here is another example of different
scientific disciplines (Chemistry, Physics,
Astronomy) coming together to develop a
theory based on evidence & observations.
Week #4 (11/3-11/7)
Warm Up – Fri, 11/7:
- Size Matters
Science Fun Fact:
Neutron stars are so dense,
that a soup can full of neutron
star material would have more
mass than the Moon.
Turn in:
Chemistry Word
Graffiti (1/2 credit)
Pick up:
Overview of the
Formation of the
Solar System note
page
Agenda:
1.
Birth of our Solar System notes
Homework:
Learning Goal: I can compare & contrast the theories that
explain the origin of the universe & our solar system.
None…have a nice
weekend!
SIZE MATTERS!
• In Today’s Warm-up box, put
the following images in
order from
GALAXY
LARGEST
to SMALLEST…
UNIVERSE
SUN/STAR
SOLAR SYSTEM
EARTH/PLANET
BIRTH OF OUR SOLAR SYSTEM
• The Nebular Theory
(Nebular Hypothesis):
The Horsehead Nebula
The Crab Nebula
• Explains the formation of the
solar system
• The sun & all the celestial
bodies (planets, moons,
asteroids) that surround it.
• 18th Century: First suggested by
German philosopher, Immanuel
Kant, & French astronomer,
Pierre-Simon Laplace
• About 4 billion years ago, the
solar system formed out of a
huge, rapidly-rotating cloud of
gas & dust particles
• Nebula
BIRTH OF OUR SOLAR SYSTEM
• The Nebular Theory (Nebular Hypothesis):
• Gravity pulls the nebula together & the cloud begins to rotate
• The more stuff in the cloud, the faster the rotation
• Heavy matter: Rocks, dust, ice & metal slammed together to
form planets, moons, asteroids, meteors
• Lighter matter: Gases fused to become stars & the giant gas
planets
• http://www.5min.com/Video/Learn-how-our-Solar-System-was-formed-5-Billion-Years-Ago117543712
BIRTH OF OUR STAR…THE SUN
Sun: The large star at the center of our solar
system, consisting of very high pressures of gases
due to nuclear fusion.
Nuclear Fusion: Hydrogen (H) atoms combine to
form helium (He), releasing huge amounts of
energy.
When nuclear fusion begins, a star is born.
When nuclear fusion stops, a star begins to die.
X-rays
Infrared
Ultraviolet
BIRTH OF OUR STAR…THE SUN
Ever wonder…
How the sun formed in our solar system?
How does the sun keep its spherical shape?
Why does the radiation the sun gives off not kill life but
allow life to live?
As you watch the following video clip, discover
the answers to the following questions & write
them in your notepacket.
1. What is the name of the enormous cloud of gas & dust within
space that formed the solar system?
2. What 2 forces give the sun its spherical shape?
3. What is the main form of radiation the sun produces?
4. How is the sun giving off radiation like boiling water?
Explain the change in energy from beginning to end.
http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/12876-spin-around-the-solar-system-how-the-sun-formed-video.htm
THE PATH OUR SUN WILL FOLLOW
Our sun is now a midlife main sequence
yellow star.
It will cool and grow
larger, becoming a
Red Giant.
The sun will grow so
large that nuclear
fusion can no longer
take place & it will
shed it’s outer layers
of gas in a Planetary
Nebula.
Our sun will most
likely die as a very
small, hot white
dwarf.
THE PLANETS OF OUR SOLAR SYSTEM
• As we watch the GEODE CD
presentation, you need to be filling
out answers that you hear on your
“Overview of the Formation of the
Solar System” worksheet.
• These are notes.
SOLAR SYSTEM BRAIN BREAK
1. What is a nebula?
• Open to your next
2. What is the name of the
blank Warm-up box!
scientific theory that
explains how our SOLAR
SYSTEM was formed?
• Please answer the
3. What makes up our Solar
Warm-up questions
System?
in complete
4. Give one reason that the
sentences!
outer planets are made
mainly of gas & ice and
• You may use your
very little rock.
Astronomy notes!
5. Why do you weigh more
on Jupiter than you do on
Earth?
GEOCENTRIC VS. HELIOCENTRIC
MODELS OF OUR SOLAR SYSTEM
Geo = “Earth”
Centr- = center
GEOCENTRIC MODEL
• Geocentric model –
“Ptolemaic model”
• Named for Ancient Greek
philosopher Claudius Ptolemy
who lived ~90 to 168 A.D.
• Developed to explain how the
planets, the Sun & even stars
orbit around the Earth
• Has been described in early
Greek manuscripts, as early as
the 4th century B.C. by Greek
philosophers, Plato & Aristotle
HELIOCENTRIC
MODEL
• Heliocentric model –
“Coperincan model”
• First proposed by Nicolaus
Copernicus, a Polish
astronomer
• Published the heliocentric
system in his book: De
revolutionibus orbium
coelestium, "On the
revolutions of the heavenly
bodies," in 1543
• Today’s model of our solar
system
Helio = “Sun”
Centr- = center