Transcript The Big Bang

Bell Questions 11/11/10
1. Where are elements that are heavier
than hydrogen and helium made?
2. What do we learn from the fact that most
of the galaxies are red shifted?
3. What is indicated by a star’s color?
Quiz on Stars
1. The beginning of __________________ marks
the birth of a star.
2. A star that has collapsed to the point where
electrons and protons are smashed together is
a(n) ____________________.
3. Where are elements that are heavier than
hydrogen and helium made (elements such as
iron)?
4.
What is the correct sequence for the life of a lowmass star like the sun
A. Protostar, main sequence star, red giant, white dwarf
B. Red giant, white dwarf, supernova black dwarf
C. Protostar, red giant, white dwarf, main sequence star
5.
6.
What will a star that’s 1,000 times as massive as
the sun ultimately become
A. A white dwarf
B. A planetary nebula
C. A black hole
Objects, such as stars, moving away from an
observer
A. do not display a color shift.
B. display a blue shift.
C. display a red shift.
The Big Bang
cosmology the study of the origin,
properties, processes, and evolution of the
universe
Edwin Hubble
• Hubble found that the spectra of most
galaxies were red shifted.
•
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Expanding Universe
• Using Hubble’s observations, astronomers
have been able to determine that the
universe is expanding.
The Big Bang
• big bang theory the theory that all matter
and energy in the universe was
compressed into an extremely small
volume that about 14 billion years ago
exploded and began expanding in all
directions.
•
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Using figure 3 on page 794 answer
the following questions.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
How long after the big bang did the first hydrogen
nuclei form?
According to the big bang theory, what did the small
sphere in the figure to the left contain?
After the big bang, what happened to the matter that
was released?
Why do scientists now believe that the matter that
exploded out of the big bang did not distribute itself
evenly throughout the universe? What evidence
supports this hypothesis?
According to this theory, how old is the universe?
Evidence for the Big Bang
cosmic background radiation - uniformly
detected from every direction in space;
considered a remnant of the big bang.
Bell Questions 11/12/10
1. Who was the astronomer that realized most of
the galaxies in the universe were red shifted?
2. In order to analyze starlight, astronomers
direct it through ____________________.
3. The idea that all matter and energy was
compressed into a small volume at one time
billions of years ago and then exploded and
began to expand is called
____________________.
Dark Materials: Most of the universe is
hiding in the dark, Can astronomers
find it?
• Wordstorming
• Talk with your partner and write down as
many word as you can think of that start
with M, U, S and G that might be found in
this article.
• Write down two questions you have that
might be answered by this article.
Question from Current Science
Article “Dark Materials”
1.
What percentage of the universe is not dark matter or
ordinary matter?
2.
What observation led scientists to believe that our
galaxy, the Milky Way, contains dark matter?
3.
What observation led scientists to believe that dark
energy exists in the universe?
4.
What visual evidence do astronomers have for the
existence of dark matter?
5.
What is the difference between the big rip and the big
crunch?
What the Universe is Made of
4% Stars and planets
23% Dark Matter – doesn’t give off light but
has gravity
73% Dark Energy - ??? May be a force that
opposes gravity