Transcript muslim reform movements

MUSLIM REFORM MOVEMENTS
 AFTER THE REVOLT OF 1857 ,THE GOVERNMENT
FOLLOWED THE ANTI-MUSLIM POLICIES,WHICH
RENDERED THE CONDITION OF THE MUSLIM MASSES
MORE PRECARIOUS.
 THE MUSLIM SHUNNED THE WESTERN EDUCATION AND
STRUCK WITH GREATER TENACITY TO ORTHODOX
ISLAM.THEY ALSO BECOME MORE IMPOVERISHED.
 IN THE COURESE OF TIME NUMBER OF RELIGIOUS
REVIVALISTS MOVEMENTS WERE LAUNCHED BY THE
MUSLIM REFORMERS.THESE MOVEMENTS WERE
HOWEVER LESS POWERFUL THAN THEIR HINDU
COUNTERPARTS ,MOST OF THEM LACKING A NATIONAL
STANDING.
ANJUMAN-I-HIMAYAT-I-ISLAM
 IT WAS FOUNDED IN LAHORE BY
MOHAMMED SHAFI AND SHAH DIN IN 1866
A.D,THE FOLLOWERS OF SAYYED AHMED
KHAN.
 THIS SOCIETY OPENED SCHOOLS
IMPARTING THE WESTERN EDUCATION
,EMPHASIZED THE FEMALE
EDUCATION,LOYALTY TO THE BRITISH
GOVERNMENT AND OPPOSITION TO THE
INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS.
AHL-I-HADITH
 THE LEADERS OF THIS MOVEMENT
REJECTED SUFISM AND CONDEMNED
POLYTHEISM.
 THIS MOVEMENT ADVOCATED THE WIDOW
RE-MARRIAGE AS ISLAMIC AND ATTACKED
THE INSTITUTION OF DOWRY AS A NONMUSLIM INNOVATION.
TITU MIR’S MOVEMENT
 HE PREACHED THE FUNDAMENTAL DOCTRINES OF
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ISLAM IN RURAL WESTERN BENGAL.
HE OPPOSED HINDUISM AND THE LANDLORD CLASS.
HE MOBIISED THE RURAL MUSLIM PEASANTS AND
ORGANISED THE REBELLION AGAINST THE
GOVERNMENT IN 1831 A.D ,WHICH THE BRITISH TROOPS
SUBDUED EFFICIENTLY.
HIS ORGANISATION WAS NOT REALLY A MILITARY OR
REVOLUTIONARY AS THE BRITISH RECORDS
SUGGESTED.IT WAS ONLY DURING THE LAST PHASE
THERE WAS A CONFRONTATION BETWEEN THE BRITISH
AND HIM.
HE WAS KILLED BY THE BRITISH IN 1831.
THE FARAIDI MOVEMENT
 THIS MOVEMENT WAS FOUNDED BY HAJI
SHARAITULLAH .
 THIS MOVEMENT INITIALLY CONCENTRATED ON THE
RELIGIOUS PURIFICATION AND DESIRED THE
DICARDING OF THE IMPROPER BELIEFS AND BEHAVIOUR
POPULAR AMONG THE BENGALI MUSLIMS.
 HE CALLED FOR THE RETURN OF THE FARAID(THE
OBLIGATORY DUTIES OF ISLAM),SUCH AS THE DAILY
PRAYERS ,FASTING IN RAMZAN,PAYING CHARITIES AND
THE PILIGRIMAGE .
 GRADUALLY THIS MOVEMENT BECAME ENMESHED IN
THE ECONOMIC AND THE POLITICAL ISSUES.
TAAIYUNI MOVEMENT
 THIS MOVEMENT WAS FOUNDED BY MAULANA
KARAMAT ALI .
 THIS MOVEMENT ALSO REJECTED THE INNOVATIONS
AND THE SYNCRETISTIC PRACTISES.
 THIS MOVEMENT DIFFERED WITH FARAIDIS IN THE
SENSE THAT THEY DID NOT THINK THAT UNDER THE
BRITISH RULE THERE WAS DARUL HARAB OR THE
ENEMY TERRITORY,WHERE THE MUSLIMS SHOULD NOT
PRACTISE THEIR RELIGIOUS RITUALS.
 THE TAAIYUNIS ALSO REJECTED THE DOCTRINE OF THE
FARAIDIS THAT FAITH WITHOUT WORK WAS
UNSUFFICIENT.
AHMEDIYA MOVEMENT
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THIS MOVEMENT WAS STARTED BY MIRZA GULAM AHMED ,WHO
BEGAN AS A DEFENDER OF ISLAM AGAINST THE POLEMICS OF ARYA
SAMAJ AND THE CHRISTAIN MISSIONARIES.
IN 1889 HE CLAIMED TO BE A MESSIAH AND THE INCARNATION OF
HINDU GOD KRISHNA AND JESUS RETURNED TO EARTH.
THE AHMEDIYA MOVEMENT ,LIKE BRAHMO SAMAJ,BELIEVED IN
THE PRINCIPLE OF UNIVERSAL RELIGION OF ALL HUMANITY.
GULAM AHMED WAS GREATLT INFLUENCED BY THE WESTERN
LIBERALISM,THEOSOPHICAL SOCIETY AND THE RELIGIOUS-REFORM
MOVEMENT OF THE HINDUS.
THEY REJECTED THE JIHAD AGAINST THE INFEDALS AND STRESSED
THE FRATENALITY RALATIONS AMONG ALL RELIGIONS.
THE MOVEMENT SPREAD WESTERN LIBERAL EDUCATION AMONG
THE INDIAN MUSLIMS ANS STARTED ANETWORK OF SCHOOLS AND
COLLEGES FOR THAT PURPOSE.
DEOBAND MOVEMENT
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IT WAS FOUNDED BY MOHAMMED QASIM NANAUTAVI AND RASHID
AHMED GANGOHI.
THE FOLLOWERS OF THIS SCHOOL WAS CONCERNED WITH
PROBLEMS OF CHARACTER AND EDUCATION OF MUSLIM MASSES.
THE QUESTIONS OF THE SOCIETY AND STATE WAS AS IMPORTANT
FOR THE AS THOSE OF BELIEFS AND CHARACTER OF THE
INDIVIDUAL.
THEY ADVISED THE MUSLIM COMMUNITY IN INDIA TO CO-OPERATE
WITH THE CONGRESS IN ALL ITS ACTIVITIES.
THEY DECLARED IN UNAMBIGUOUS TERMS THAT THE CONCEPT OF
NATIONALITY WAS BASED UPON THE UNITY OF ALL RELIGIOUS
GROUPS AND IT DID NOT CONTRAVENE ANT ISLAMIC PRACTISE.
THIS FACILITATE THE GULF BETWEEN THIS MOVEMENT AND THE
ALIGARH MOVEMENT.
NADWAT-AL-ULAMA
 IT WAS FOUNDED BY SHIBLI NUMANI IN LUCKNOW .
 HE WAS IN FAVOUR OF REFORMING THE TRADITIONAL
ISLAMIC SYSTEM OF EDUCATION BY CUTTING DOWN
ITS FORMAL STUDIES AND INCLUDE ENGLISH
LANGUAGE AND EUROPEAN SCIENCES.
 HE ADMIRED THE CONGRESS FOR ITS HIGH IDEALISM
AND FOR ITS CONCERN FOR THE WELFARE AND
ADVANCEMENT OF THE PEOPLE.
 HE BELIEVED THAT THE MUSLIMS WERE THE CITIZENS
OF INDIA AND THEY OWED LOYALITY TO THE
MOTHERLAND.
 HE WAS CONVINCED THAT THE MUSLIMS COULD
,JOINTLY WITH THE HINDUS ,CREATE A STATE IN WHICH
BOTH COULD LIVE HONOURABLY AND HAPPILY.
CONCLUSION
 AS A RESULT OF ALL THESE MOVEMENTS
THE MUSLIM URBAN SOCIETY STARTED
TAKING TO THE MODERN WAYS.
 THIS LED TO THE DECLINE IN THE PRACTISE
OF POLYGAMY AND WIDOW RE-MARRIAGE
WAS ENCOURAGED.
 THE GREAT POLITICAL UPHEAVAL OF THIS
TIME HELPED IN BRINGING ABOUT A
RENAISSANCE OF INDIAN ISLAM AND A
RE-ORIENTATION OF MUSLIM SOCIETY.