Transcript Unit 4, SSWH 6 b African Kingdoms

African Kingdoms
Unit 4
Migration
• move from one country or region
to another
• Examples: Environmental, Social,
Economic, & Political
• Push-Pull Factors: Push out of an
area or Pull into an area (reasons
for migration)
Language
• spread of language traces
migration
• Bantu language spread south of
the Sahara
• Bantu: 1st language of 1/3 of all
Africans – 60 million p.341
Bantu – “The People”
• Not 1 group of people, but a group who
shared common cultural characteristics
• developed ironworking skills (made them
more advanced than others)
Reasons for Bantu Migration
• agriculture –Slash and burn, caused them
to move a lot(used up all the nutrients in
the soil – couldn’t produce any more
crops)
• population went up—farming produced
more than hunting,– needed to find more
space for people & farming
• resources—looked for areas with iron ore
to smelt iron.
• Bantu used iron spears & beat
hunters
• Adapted & adopted from the new
environment & customs
• Bantu exchanged ideas &
intermarried: creating new cultures
• Effects: diversity of cultures and
spreading of family languages
Sudanic Kingdoms
•Located South of the
Sahara, east coast.
•Founders were Mandespeaking people
Ghana
• Gold, salt, & slaves—Trade Items
• the Sahara contained deposits of
salt
• Arab traders would bring
weapons, cloth, &
manufactured goods for salt
• African kingdom, Ghana,
became a gold trading
empire – religion, Islam,
began to spread because of
trade
• Slaves were kidnapped by
rival tribes & sold to Arab
Muslims traders:
MALI
•Kingdoms/Empires were
built off of gold
Sundiata
• Mali’s first great leader
• Became Mali’s mansa –
emperor p.348,361
• Increased the Mali empire by
conquering the kingdoms:
Ghana and trading cities:
Kumbi & Walata
• A great leader during peace
time – had government run
by administrators
• Promoted agriculture &
reestablished the gold-salt
trade
Mansa Musa
• Muslim ruler who followed
Sundiata
• Went to Mecca as a part of his
Muslim duties: Haji
•Under his control
Mali doubled in size
•Used governors to rule
in far off provinces
•Mali’s empire declines
because of several
poor leaders after
Musa dies
Songhai
• Songhai was one of the largest Islamic empires
in history
• The first emperor Sonni Ali
• Askia Muhammad the Great, organized the
territories
• Empire fell to the Moroccans
Similarities
Explain how the Sudanic
Kingdoms are similar.
Jot Down Answer – 1 Minute
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