Transcript the mauryas

Islamic Empires
Chapter 11 section 2
The Spread of Islam
• After Muhammad died his followers chose
his father-in-law to be his successor. He
was called a caliph or successor to
the Messenger of God. His name was
Abu Bakr.
• The first four caliphs ruled from Madinah
and were called the Rightly Guided Caliphs
because they tried to follow in
Muhammad's footsteps.
• They treated others fairly, and also fought
hard for Islam.
• The next group of caliphs were the
Umayyad and they ruled from
Damascus.
• The empire now included North
Africa, Spain, and some of India.
• Within 100 years after Muhammad’s
death the Islamic empire spread and
became a great empire. This is
because they were good with a
sword and on horseback, but also
because they were inspired by their
religion.
• They fought to spread their religion.
They believed that if they died
fighting they would go straight to
paradise.
• They also let their conquered people
practice their own religion.
Christian’s were called “people of the
book,” because they believed in one
God and had a holy book.
• Non-Muslims had to pay a special
tax.
Preaching and Trading
• Muslims also spread Islam by preaching.
Sufis were a group of people spent their
time praying and teaching Islam. They
won many followers.
• The Islam faith was also spread by
Muslims merchants who set up trading
posts throughout southeast Asia.
• Today, the country of Indonesia includes
more Muslims than any other nation
in the world.
Sunnis and Shiites
• There are two major sects or groups of
the Islam faith. The Sunnis and the
Shiites. The split happened shortly
after Muhammad’s death.
• There was an argument over who would
succeed Muhammad and this is what
resulted in the division.
• The Shiites believed that Muhammad’s
son-in-law should succeed Muhammad
and the Sunnis believed that Abu Bakr
was the rightful Caliph.
Later Muslim Empires
• The Ottoman Empire was the largest
and most powerful of the Muslim
empires. It began in Turkey.
• The Ottoman’s were a group of people in
Asia Minor who were led by a man named
Osman, thus they were called the
Ottoman empire.
• They conquered most of the land that is
today Turkey.
• They attacked the Byzantine Empire
and into Europe. They seized
Constantinople and renamed the city
Istanbul. They used over 70 guns and
12 were super bombards-required 100
men to work in battle.
– They conquered Syria, Palestine, Egypt,
Mesopotamia, and parts of Arabia and North
Africa.
– Their leader was called a sultan and the
most famous was called Suleiman I. He
was a man of many talents, was
enthusiastic about architecture and built
many schools and mosques.
– The Ottoman Empire lasted until the end of
the First World War
• Ottomon Empire • Mogol Empire
• The Ottoman Empire
was the largest and
most powerful of the
Muslim empires. It
began in Turkey.
• The Ottoman’s were
a group of people in
Asia Minor who were
led by a man named
Osman.
• They conquered
Syria, Palestine,
Egypt, Mesopotamia,
and parts of Arabia
and North Africa.
The Moguls
• During the 1500s, the Moguls created
another Muslim empire in India. They
came from the mountains of north India.
They used guns, cannons, elephants and
horses to conquer the territory. They
made Delhi the center of their empire.
• The greatest Mogul ruler was Akbar. He
brought peace and order to the part
of India that he ruled. He did this by
treating all his subjects fairly.
• Most of India’s people were Hindu and he
allowed them to practice their religion. He
also allowed people of both religions to
serve in the government.
• Life was good under Akbar. More
food was produced and artisans
produced more art. As a result,
trade increased. There were new
building styles introduced during this
time, such as the dome and the arch.
• Later rulers began to spend too
much money and parts of the empire
broke away. The Mogul empire
collapsed and Great Britain took
control of most of India.
• Ottomon Empire
• Mogul Empire
• The greatest Mogul
ruler was Akbar.
• Life was good under
Akbar. More food
was produced and
artisans produced
more art. As a
result, trade
increased.
• Later rulers began to
spend too much
money and parts of
the empire broke
away. The Mogul
empire collapsed.
Nations with a Muslim majority appear in
green, while nations that are
approximately 50% Muslim appear
yellow.
Check for Understanding
• What is a caliph?
• successor to the Messenger of God
• What country (today) has the largest
Muslim population?
• Indonesia
• What are the two major sects (groups) of
Muslims?
• Sunnis and Shiites
• Who was the greatest Mogul ruler?
• Akbar