Transcript WHH 10.2 Spread of Islam

Thursday 10/17:
The Spread of Islam
 Objective: Summarize the development of
Islamic Empires
 Bell Work: Outline Quiz
 Have out your outline from last night and answer
the questions on a separate piece of paper.
10.2 Outline Quiz
What does “Caliph” mean?
2. Who are the Rightly Guided Caliphs?
1.
1.
If you have all 4 names, EXTRA CREDIT
What is one reason for the success of the
Rightly Guided Caliphs?
4. Who are the “People of the Book”?
5. What two groups are created from the split in
Islam?
3.
The Spread of Islam
The Spread of Islam
 When Muhammad died, he didn’t name a
successor.
 Abu Bakr took over as caliph
 Caliph: ‘Successor of the Prophet’ or
Deputy
“Rightly Guided Caliphs”
 Abu-Bakr and the next three caliphs: Umar,
Uthman and Ali
 Rule called the “Rightly-Guided” Caliphate
 By the time of Abu-Bakr’s death, Muslim state
controlled all of Arabia
Success of the Empires
 By 750, the empire stretched 6,000 miles: about
2 times across the U.S.
 Drew energy and inspiration from successes
 Muslim armies disciplined
 Weakness of surrounding empires: Persian and
Byzantine
Conquered Peoples
 “People of the Book”: Jews and Christians
 Conquered people could accept Islam or pay a
tax
 Many conquered people convert to Islam:
appeal of Islam and benefit of not having to pay
tax
 Tried to conquer Constantinople, but Byzantium defeated
them
 Conquered islands in the Mediterranean Sea
 What advantage did this give to the Islamic
regions?
Internal Conflicts
 Succession of the Empire: Who to lead?
 Ali v. Muawiya
Sunni and Shi’a
Let’s try to simplify this…
1. When ‘Umar died, Uthman became caliph
2. Uthman was murdered by rebels
3. Ali (Muhammad’s cousin) comes to power and a relative of
Uthman named Muawiya protests
4. War breaks out between supporters of Ali and supporters
of Muawiya
5. Ali is assassinated
6. Muawiya becomes caliph
7. Ali’s followers: Shi’a
Muawiya’s followers: Sunni


Sunni
 Believe that Umayyad’s
should lead: Muawiya
 Decisions made by the
people/leaders
 Interest in peace?
Shi’a
 Believe leaders should be
descendents of Mohammad:
Ali
 Decisions made by the
imams
 Minority
 Sufi
 Rejection to the Umayyad
focus on wealth
 Pursue life of poverty: keep
focus on Qur’an and
tradition
 Missionaries
Umayyads: Sunni
 Umayyads come to power: hereditary system of
succession
 Changes:
 Move capital to Damascus: easier control of
conquered territories
 Abandon simple life and gain wealth and
ceremony of non-Muslim rulers
Abbasids (750-1258)
 Move capital from Damascus to Baghdad
 Location on trade routes gave access to gold,
goods and information
 Develop strong bureaucracy and taxes
Berbers and Moors
 Berbers: North African Muslims
 Tariq lead an army and invaded Spain
 Rock of Gibraltar ( Jabil Tariq )
 Muslims living in Spain called the Moors
Rock of Gibraltar
Muslim Trade Network
 Silk Roads of India and China connect with
Europe and Africa
 Only need single language and coinage
 Set up banks and credit “sakk”
Expansion of Islam
 Arab and Muslim expansion lasted until 1100’s
 Turks become the ruling Muslim force
Homework
 Read “Excerpts from the Qur'an and 1,001
Nights” and answer questions