Transcript Islam Section 3 - Kenston Local Schools

The Spread of Islam
Agenda
•Section 3 – Islamic Civilization
KEY VOCABULARY
• astrolabe
•minaret
• al-Rāzī
• Ibn Sīnā
• al-Idrīsī
• The Thousand and One Nights
III. Islamic Civilization
A. Economy
1. Trade
a. Europe, Asia, Africa, India and China
b. Produced textiles (silk, cotton and wool)
c. Gold and silver
d. Steel swords from Damascus and Toledo
e. Jewelry, perfume, spices
f. Pottery and glassware
g. Leather goods
2. Other
a. Cordoba and Toledo – centers of learning
b. Astronomy and geography
c. Banking and commerce
III. Islamic Civilization (continued)
B. Government and Society
1. Began as provinces led by one Caliph
2. Disputes over leadership led to division into three
caliphates ruled by caliphs in Baghdad, Cairo and
Cordoba
3. No separation of church/state – all laws and life
were based on the Qur-an
4. Slavery was discouraged but accepted. Slaves had
to be treated humanely
C. Family
1. Center of daily life – extended family and elderly
were included.
2. Men – responsible for meeting needs of family.
3. Women – could control property – not responsible
for family’s needs
II. Islamic Society (continued)
C. Family (continued)
4. Marriages were arranged – but woman could refuse
5. Man had to give his bride a gift of property/money
6. Polygamy was common. Up to 4 wives, but all had
to be treated equally.
7. In a divorce – wife kept her own money and could
remarry.
D. Education
1. Government provided schools and libraries
2. Family and mosque also contributed to education.
3. Speaking and writing were emphasized as the keys
to education.
4. Students went to the mosque to study religion
5. Advanced students went to schools to study
science, mathematics and law.
II. Islamic Society (continued)
Abu al-Qasim
Al-Razi
What area of science did
each work in?
Ibn Sina
AND
Al-Idrisi
What was their major
contribution(s)?
Al-Khwarizmi
Pages – 250-252
II. Islamic Society (continued)
E. Science
1. Muslims learned from conquered peoples and
those with whom they traded.
2. Combined ideas from Greece, Rome, China and
India.
3. Learned from and expanded ideas of Hippocrates
and Galen
a. Use of herbs, foods and pharmaceutical drugs
advanced and some techniques for
preparation of drugs are still used today.
b. Developed surgical instruments and
techniques.
c. Advanced disease diagnosis and hygiene
d. World’s first school of pharmacy and
encyclopedia of drugs (preparation and
effects).
e. Treated small pox and other diseases.
II. Islamic Society (continued)
f. al-Rāzī – chief physician in Baghdad (900s C.E.)
– known for work on small-pox and measles. His
encyclopedia was translated into Latin and used
for centuries in Europe.
g. Ibn Sīnā – wrote Canon of Medicine (medical
textbook) in the early 1000s C.E. – used in Europe
until 1650.
F. Geography
1. Trading led to interest in astronomy, navigation
and maps.
2. Improved on Greek maps to more accurately
measure distance.
3. Al-Idrīsī – sent people to other countries and
combined their drawings with existing maps to
improve accuracy.
4. Astrolabe – instrument to chart position of the
stars to find position on Earth.
II. Islamic Society (continued)
G. Mathematics
1. 800s C.E. – used base-10 number system from
India, including 0 to represent an empty place.
2. Introduced the system to Greek mathematics –
resulting in “Arabic” number system (still used
today).
3. Used decimals from India.
4. Developed “al-jabr” – meaning “restoring” –
today’s algebra.
III. Islamic Society (continued)
H. Arts
1.
2.
3.
4.
Islam forbids images that show God.
Avoid showing any human or animal form.
Art focused on geometric and floral designs
Non-religious art sometimes showed people in
daily life or major military battles
5. Architecture
a. Mosques and other buildings designed to
show the glory of Islam.
b. Mosques were modeled after Muhammad’s
private courtyard in Medina.
c. Mosques were used as both community and
worship centers – including political, social and
educational activities.
d. Minaret – tower from which a crier would call
people to pray 5 times per day.
III. Islamic Society (continued)
I. Literature
1. Caliphs supported outstanding poetry and
literature.
2. The Thousand and One Nights – story of a wife
who avoided execution by telling stories to her
husband each night. After a thousand and one
nights, he canceled plans to execute her. From
this we get “Sinbad the Sailor,” “Aladdin,” and “Ali
Baba and the Forty Thieves.”