Transcript Slide 1
ISLAM EXPANDS MUHAMMAD’S DEATH ______ – Begins the split within the Muslim community Muslims elect Abu-Bakr (a friend of Muhammad) as the “________” or CALIPH RIGHTLY GUIDED CALIPHS 4 “_________ caliphs” Abu-Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali Their rule was called a CALIPHATE They used the ________ and Muhammad’s _________ to guide their leadership PROBLEMS Soon after Muhammad’s death some Muslims in the Arabian peninsula abandoned _______, some stopped paying taxes, and some even called themselves __________. What did Abu-Bakr do?? JIHAD “Jihad” means “_________” There are two forms of “jihad” The _________ struggle against evil OR An _________ struggle against unbelievers EXPANSION The Four Rightly Guided Caliphs used “jihad” to _______ ________ throughout the M.E., Europe, and parts of Asia. WHY WAS ISLAM ABLE TO SPREAD?? ________ surrounding the Muslim empire were weak (Byzantine and Sassanid Empires) People in these empires were sick of being ________ People were attracted to the economic benefit for Muslims not having to pay a _____ _____ TREATMENT OF CONQUERED PEOPLE Muslims allowed people to follow their own _______ as long as they paid taxes Christians and Jews did not have to perform _________ duties Christians and Jews were not able to ________ their religion w/i the Muslim Empire ASSASSINATIONS The assassination of Uthman in 656 and Ali (Muhammad’s cousin) in 661 was a huge turning pt. A family known as the Umayyads take power and the idea of ________ ________ is over. UMAYYADS They did two things that _________ many Muslims Moved _______ from Mecca to Damascus Began surrounding themselves with ________ and ceremonies **SPLIT WITHIN ISLAM** Sunni – Shi’a Split Sunni – group of Muslims (_________) who accept Umayyads’ rule to preserve ________ They claimed that people just needed to follow Muhammad’s example Shi’a – group of Muslims that ___________ Umayyads’ rule They claimed that the caliph needed to be a ___________ of Muhammad Meaning the “party” of Ali Members are known as “Shi’ites” ABBASIDS 750 – Abbasid family takes control of Muslim Empire and kill almost every Umayyad Moved capital to _________ ABBASIDS Rule from 750 – 1258 They create a large and ___________ empire It gets too large to control and ______ _________ began taking control Fatimid – a __________ formed by Shi’a Muslims (N. Africa) who claimed descent from Muhammad’s __________ Fatima Muslim Trade Merchants used one lang. – ________ Merchants created ________ which offered letters of credit. These letters were called “sakks” or later pronounced “_______”