Transcript Umayyad Caliphate Information

Conflicts
Religion
Museum Entrance
Geography
Government
Major People
Welcome to Alfred’s Museum of
The Umayyads
Curator’s
Offices
Tanner “The Dark Night” Thompson
And Rusty
“The Boy Office
Wonder” Hutson
Curator’s
Tanner and Rusty have been
defending Gotham city as well as
recording history since 625 C.E.
They founded this museum in
memory of their dear butler,
Alfred, who recently passed away
due to overdose on the Jokers
laughing gas.
Place your picture
here.
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Contact us at
[email protected]
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Entry
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Major People
Room 1
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Conflicts
Room 2
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Government
Room 3
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Geography
Room 4
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Religion
Room 5
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Muawiya
Muawiya, ruled from 661-680. He moved
the capital to Damascus. He had a very
highly skilled military that allowed Muslim
authority to spread in West into Africa and
east into Khorasan. He also attacked
Anatolia multiple times starting in 672 and
from 674-677 he staged an unsuccessful
siege on Constantinople that ended his
campaign. During his rule, he kept the
administrative structures of the Persian
and Byzantine empires but he maintained
his authority by placing his family
members in key positions. Before his
death, he made sure that his son would
take over when he died, thus starting the
Umayyad Dynasty.
http://www.princeton.edu/~batke/itl/denise/umayyads.htm
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Exhibit
Yazid B. Muawiya
Yazid
livedhere.
from 642- 683 CE and ruled
Text goes
for only three years from 680-683 CE.
Yazid had commanded the army that laid
siege to Constantinople during his father’s
rule and now he continued to follow the
path that his father laid for him. He
continued his father’s military and
administrative policies but he reformed the
tax system and improved irrigation in
Damascus. His reign was ended quickly
because he died shortly after he gained
power. His death caused a nine year
conflict because the doubts about the
successor prevented any agreements.
http://www.ashura.com/paint24.jpg
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Abd al-Malik
al-Malik
Abd
Text
goes here.Yazid’s
Following
reign which
lasted only three years. Abd
helped a lot in restoring peace in
Iraq and Arabia during his reign
from 685- 705 CE. During his
rule, he made arabic the official
language and the old byzantine
coins were replaced with Islamic
style coins. Under his sons who
ruled after him, the Umayyad
empire stretched to Spain and
east to Transoxiana.
http://www.ancient-art.com/images/ac59.jpg
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Exhibit
Marwan IIII
Marwan
Marwan the second, who was the last
Caliph of the Umayyad dynasty, ruled
from 744 to 750 CE. He tried to restore
order, but by this time the Abbasid
revolutionary movement had gained too
much power and in 749 the first Abbasid
caliph was proclaimed. In 750 the
Umayyad people were massacred and
very few of them made it to Spain
besides Abd al-Rahman who started the
Umayyads of Cordoba.
http://historyfacebook.wikispaces.com/file/view/Umayyads_small.jpg/
30592300/Umayyads_small.jpg
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Exhibit
Battle of Tours
Battle
Tours
In this battle between the Franks
and Umayyads, located in
northern France, the umayyads
suffered a major defeat. Abdul
Rahman al Ghafiqi, the Umayyad
caliph, was killed during this
battle. Not much is known about
this battle, such as numbers and
exact location but we do know
that the Franks won without a
cavalry.
http://www.freedomszone.com/archives/Battle%20of%20Tours.png
Linked citation goes here
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Exhibit
Siege of Constantinople
Under Muawiya in 674 there
was a siege laid onto the city of
Constantinople that was in
control of the Byzantine Empire
at the time. Yazid, Muawiya’s
son, was the commander of the
Arabs. The Arabs could not
penetrate the Theodosian walls
of Constantinople and had to
retreat before winter to an island
eighty miles away.
http://images.fragland.net/screenshots/2905/8.jpg
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Exhibit
Rebellions during Yazid’s Reign
During Yazid’s reign, there were two
rebellions. Husayn, the son of Ali and the
grandson of Muhammed lead the first
rebellion. This rebellion was quickly
destroyed, but this rebellion made a
permanent division between the shi’ites
and the sunnis. The second rebellion was
much more serious. The rebellion was
lead by Ibn al-Zubayr in Medina and
Mecca. The Medinans claimed that Yazid
was dead, so Yazid sent an army that
easily crushed the Medinans. He then
went to Mecca where Ibn was hiding, and
laid the city to siege. The news then
arrived that Yazid actually died so the
conflict was not easily resolved and
continued for nine years.
http://www.princeton.edu/~batke/itl/denise/yazid.htm
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Exhibit
The Battle of Akroinon
This battle was fought in 740
between Umayyad Arabs and the
Byzantine Empire. The battle was
fought during the invasion of Anatolia
when the Arabs allegedly had 90,000
soldiers. The Arab forces were split
into different groups each attacking
different parts of Anatolia and the
largest group took part in te battle of
Akroinon. The Arabs were defeated in
this battle and it marked the end of
the invasion. This was the last great
invasion of any other empire because
the Umayyad dynasty fell in the next
ten years.
http://www.patriotfiles.com/gallery/data/647/2akro740.jpg
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Exhibit
Dynastic Rule
During
Text
goes the
here.Umayyad
Dynasty,
there was a dynastic rule. Power
was passed on from father to son.
The sons also carried on many of
their father’s administrations, like
Yazid continuing his fathers military
policies. The sons also improved
things that they thought needed to
be improved like the irrigation in
Damascus. The rulers of this
dynasty were called caliphs.
http://jewelry-blog.internetstones.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/02/kianicrown.jpg
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Exhibit
Umayyad Administration
Under the caliph, there were six
boards: Diwan al-Kharaj (the Board
of Revenue), Diwan al-Rasa'il (the
Board of Correspondence), Diwan
al-Khatam (the Board of Signet),
Diwan al-Barid (the Board of
Posts), Diwan al-Qudat (Board of
Justice) and Diwan al-Jund (the
Military Board). These boards
helped manage different parts of
the dynasty so the caliph did not
have to deal with them.
http://www.mfa.gov.il/NR/rdonlyres/2673C1E8-4344-4055-9C532B6DDD6AE312/0/MFAJ04od0.jpg
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Boards
Diwan al-Kharaj, also known as
the Central Board of Revenues
dealt with finances, imposed
and collected taxes and
disbursed revenue. Diwan alRasa’il, also known as the
Board of Correspondence,
organized the entire dynasty by
sending out fliers and
pamphlets. Diwan al-Khatam,
the organizers of the postal
service, allowed messages to
be delivered very quick.
http://taxdollars.ocregister.com/files/2009/03/postal-service.jpg
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Boards continued…
Text
goesal-Khatam
here.
Diwan
was basically the
archivers. They would make a
copy of each official document and
store these documents. Diwan alQudat was the justice department
and the judges were called Qudi.
Diwan al-Jund was in charge of
organizing the military. They would
decide how much soldiers would
get paid, and where each division
would be in battle.
http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/files/25648/11955504697archiv
es.jpg/archives.jpg
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Exhibit
Umayyad Capital State
The center of the Umayyad
Dynasty was in modern-day Syria.
The capital, Damascus, was
moved here by Muawiya who
wanted the capital in his homeland.
It was made the capital due to its
political, social, and economic links
with surrounding tribes and
kingdoms. Although it was the
capital of an Islamic dynasty, the
majority of Damascans weren’t
Islamic.
http://www.merriam-webster.com/maps/images/maps/syria_map.gif
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Exhibit
Terrain
The terrain in the Umayyad
territory was almost completely
desert, and semi-arid plains.
There were also mountains in
the west and a small strip of
coastal plain on the
Mediterranean Sea. The fact
that there were few mountains
and mostly coastal plains made
transportation of goods,
soldiers, ideas, and Umayyad
culture much easier.
http://offtrackplanet.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/DesertScene.jpg
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Exhibit
Climate
The climate of the Umayyad was
closely related to their terrain.
They’re located close to the
equator so their climate is very hot
and dry, resulting in a desert. The
summers are hot and dry with lots
of sunshine (not always a good
thing), while the winters are short,
and rainy.
http://dubaihotels.ae/images/temperature.jpg
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Weather/Natural Hazards
The Middle East is riddled with
sand and dust storms that can
destroy crops and farm yields.
Because of this and the desert
climate, it was very hard for the
Umayyads to grow crops of any
kind. As we all know, growing
crops in sand is a no-go.
http://users.apex2000.net/ajbergstrom/Sandstorm.jpg
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Exhibit
Great Mosque of Damascus
The Umayyads were also the first
Muslim dynasty to rule the Arabs.
Built in 709 C.E., The Great
Mosque of Damascus was the
first architectural monument in
Islamic history. Ranked as one of
the wonders of the world, the
temple was later shared with the
Christians. The Muslims would
pray in the eastern side, and the
Christians in the western side.
http://famouswonders.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/umayyad-mosque.jpg
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Exhibit
Islam
The Umayyads were the first
Islamic dynsty and helped spread
the religion, along with their
empire, from the Middle East to
North Africa Spain and Central
Asia. The Umayyads also adopted
a theocracy where the religious
leaders ruled the empire. Because
of this the empire used sharia as
their laws, giving Islam a large
impact on their culture.
http://www.mrdowling.com/images/605islam.gif
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The Dome of the Rock
The Dome of the Rock was built
by the Umayyad caliph in 688
AD. It is located in Jerusalem on
top of The Temple Mount. It is
not a Mosque, but a Muslim
shrine. It is believed to be the
spot where Muhammad rose to
heaven. The Dome of the Rock
is the oldest Islamic monument
that stands today.
http://www.jerusalempedia.com/images/Dome_of_the_Rock.jpg
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Exhibit
Muawiya was the first Umayyad
caliph, and the founder of the
Umayyad Empire. The Caliphs
were the rulers/emperors of the
Umayyad Empire. They had
supreme political and religious
powers. The caliphs position (when
they passed away) was taken,
ususally, by a family member or
other family member of
Muhammed.
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Exhibit
http://www.virtualmuseum.ca/Exhibitions/Annodomini/THEME_07/IMAGES/J991542.jpg
Umayyad Caliphs
The Spread of Islam
The Umayyads were responsible
for the initial spread of Islam.
Islam basically was the
Umayyad culture so when their
empire and culture spread, so
did Islam. Without the Umayyad
Empire, Islam may never have
spread and become the second
largest religion in the world
today. The Umayyads helped
Islam spread to all of the Middle
East, West Asia, North Africa,
and Western Europe.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Islam-by-country-smooth.png
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Exhibit
The Umayyad Caliphate Seal
This was the seal that went
on all official Umayyad
documents and letters.
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Entrance
Umayyad Flag
This is the official flag of the
Umayyads. The sword
represents the dynasty’s
military strength and power,
and the dark green color
shows ambition and growth.
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Entrance
The Umayyads
In Summary, the Umayyad
Empire was responsible for the
growth and spread of Islam.
Not only that, but it was also
the fifth largest ancient empire
to ever exist. They adopted the
use of caliphs for political and
religious rulers and they
created great religious
monuments.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/Umayyad750ADloc.png
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