Transcript BELL QUIZ: USE PAGES 243-247

BELL QUIZ: USE PAGES 243-247
1) Who succeeded Muhammad in 632 A.D.?
2) What does the title caliph mean?
3) According to the Shi’ah who should be the
caliphs?
4) What was Umar’s greatest contribution to
Islam?
5) Using the map on page 244 what years saw
the greatest expansion of the Muslim Empire?
BELL QUIZ ANSWERS
1)
2)
3)
4)
Abu Bakr
Successor to the Prophet.
Only descendents of Ali.
Expanded the Muslim Empire into the
Persian Empire.
5) 633-661 A.D.
Chapter 11 Section 2 Terms
Caliph
Imams
Sultan
Abu Bakr
Umar
Sunni
Shi’ah
Sufi
Tariq
Moors
Groups: Pages 243-247
Answer the following questions with as much
detail as possible:
1) What 5 caliphs succeeded Muhammad AND
what were their accomplishments?
2) How did the Islamic community become
divided after Muhammad’s death?
3) What are the similarities and differences
between the Sunni and the Shi’ah?
4) How did the Muslims expand their empire so
quickly?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
ABU BAKR: 1ST RIGHTLY GUIDED CALIPH
632-634 A.D.
Muhammad dies in 632 A.D.
Abu Bakr is chosen by Muhammad as the
successor.
Abu was the first convert to Islam outside of
Muhammad’s immediately family.
The Shi’a Muslims believe that Muhammad
wanted Ali to be the successor but Abu
organized a coup d’etat.
Abu’s first item of business was to put down
the revolts with in the Empire (Civil War).
ABU BAKR
1) Abu is given the title of caliph meaning
“successor to the prophet.”
2) He is considered to be the 1st Rightly Guided
Caliph=the successor is a family member or
personal friend of Muhammad.
3) Abu falls ill and dies just 2 years into his
reign.
UMAR: 2ND RIGHTLY GUIDED CALIPH
1) Umar was one of Abu
Bakr’s chief advisors and
was influential to Abu
putting down the rebellion
by the desert tribes.
2) Abu names Umar as his
successor in 634 A.D.
3) Umar expanded the
Muslim Empire by
conquering the Persian
Empire.
UMAR 634-644
1) Muslims did not necessarily demand their
conquered people to convert to Islam.
2) Christians and Jews (the People of the Book)
could either convert to Islam OR pay extra
taxes.
3) Those who refused both options were killed.
4) Early on the Muslims were extremely
tolerant of the Jews and Christians.
UTHMAN: 3RD RIGHTLY GUIDED CALIPH
644-656 A.D.
1) Uthman was related to Muhammad by
marriage. Muhammad married 2 of
Uthman’s daughters.
2) Uthman was elected as the 3rd caliph by a 6
member Muslim committee.
3) Uthman made many Arabs angry because he
appointed his relatives to important
government positions AND he accepted gifts
and bribes from neighboring governors
(riches and corruption).
UTHMAN
1) Ali organized a rebellion against Uthman
because “he favored his own clan.”
2) 500 rebels storm Uthman’s home in Medina.
3) Muhammad, son of Abu Bakr, was the first
to break into the home and attack Uthman.
4) Uthman is killed in 656 A.D.
ALI: 4TH RIGHTLY GUIDED CALIPH
656-661 A.D.
1) Ali was elected to succeed Uthman as the 4th
caliph.
2) Uthman’s relative Mu’awiyah protested
because Ali was the organizer of Uthman’s
murder.
3) Ali moves the capital to Baghdad, Iraq.
4) Ali is assassinated in 661 and Mu’awiyah
became the caliph.
SUNNI VS. SHI’A
*Sunni accept Abu Bakr as the caliphate.
*Sunni Muslims are the largest denomination of
Muslims (90%).
*Sunni means “People of the example.” These
people study the life of Muhammad and act
accordingly.
*Sunni Islam claims to be the continuation of
Islam as it was defined through the revelations
given to Muhammad and his life.
SHI’A
• Shi’a means “the followers of Ali.”
• Shias adhere to the teachings of the Islamic
prophet Muhammad and the religious
guidance of his family or his descendants
known as Shi'a Imams, whom they consider to
be infallible. Shia's assert the right of Ali.
• Caliphs are selected through hereditary.
• The rift between the Sunni and the Shi’a
deepened when Mu’awiyah’s descendents
killed Ali’s son Husayn.
SUFI
• A third religious sect found within the Muslim
religion.
• Sufi’s are like Christian monks.
• Sufi give up lives of riches and worldly
possessions to live a life centered around
worship of Allah and service.