Transcript DM 1A and notes

Thinking Critically
1. What are the jobs you identified with your 3 people?
2. What are the 6 misconceptions?
3. Describe a way that mathematics is involved in each
issue below:
1. Long-term viability of the SS system
2. Appropriate level for th efederal gas tax
3. Fairness of medial insurance rates
4. Job discrimination against women or ethnic groups.
5. Possible bias in standardized tests
6. Degree of risk posed by carbon dioxide emissions
7. Immigration policy of the US
8. Violence in public schools
9. Issue from newspaper
Unit 1A
Recognizing the
Fallacies
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Slide 1-3
Bursting Bubble p.14
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The deep global recession that be3gan in 2007 was
spurred in large part by a collapse in the housing
prices, which led many homeowners to default on
their home mortgages, which in turn created a crisis
for banks and other institutions that bought, sold , or
insured home mortgages.
If we hope to avoid similar crises in the future, a key
questions is whet6here ther ewer early warning
signs that might have allowed both individuals and
policy makers to make decision that could have
prevented the problems before they occurred.
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Bursting Bubble Questions
CN BB 1-7
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1. Consider a family with an annual income of $50,000.
How much in 2000 with ratio of 3.5? How much in 2005
when ratio was 4.7?
2. What can you conclude about how the percentage of
income that a family spent on housing changed during the
housing bubble?
3. Based on your understanding of the housing crisis,
what happened in most cases during the housing bubble?
4. Do you think it was inevitable for the bubble to burst?
Why or why not?
5. How could you use the data to help you decide how
much to spend when buying a house?
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1-A
Definitions
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Logic is the study of the methods and principles
of reasoning.
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An argument uses a set of facts or assumptions,
called premises, to support a conclusion.
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A fallacy is a deceptive argument—an argument
in which the conclusion is not well supported by
the premises.
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1-A
Fallacy Structures
Appeal to Popularity
Many people believe p is true;
therefore…p is true.
False Cause
A came before B; therefore…A
caused B.
Appeal to Ignorance
There is no proof that p is true;
therefore…p is false.
Hasty Generalization
A and B are linked one or a few
times; therefore…A causes B (or
vice versa).
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1-A
Fallacy Structures
Limited Choice
p is false; therefore…only q can
be true.
Appeal to Emotion
p is associated with a positive
emotional response; therefore…
p is true.
Personal Attack
I have a problem with the person
or group claiming p; therefore…
p is not true.
Circular Reasoning
p is true. p is restated in different
words. (The argument states the
conclusion.)
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1-A
Fallacy Structures
Diversion (Red Herring) p is related to q and I have an
argument concerning q;
therefore…p is true.
Straw Man
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I have an argument concerning a
distorted version of p;
therefore…I hope you are fooled
into concluding I have an
argument concerning the real
version of p.
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1-A
Examples
Determine the fallacy structure of each argument.
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“Your lack of enthusiasm for astronomy proves that
you hate science.”
→ Limited choice
“I don’t support the mayor’s tax plan because he is
a bad person.”
→ Personal attack
“This movie sold the most tickets last weekend, so it
must be the best movie in the theaters.”
→ Appeal to popularity
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1-A
Homework 1A
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Class Notes BB 1-7
p.20 1-20
1 web
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41. Campaign Site
42. Gun Control Debate
43. Death penalty Debate
44. Health Care Debate
45. Fallacy Web Sites
1 world
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46. Editorial Fallacies
47. Fallacies in Advertising
48. Fallacies in Politics
49. Personal Fallacies
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