Transcript Logos - Killeen ISD

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Originally from Mr. Jeff Olsen
ARGUMENTS BASED ON LOGOS
APPEALS TO LOGOS (OR LOGIC)
Arguments based on facts, evidence and
reason
“Hard Evidence”
Inartistic
Appeals: Facts, clues,
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statistics, testimony, witness accounts
“Reason and Common Sense”
Artistic Appeals: This and that go
together because (enter own
explanation here).
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Examples

You and a partner will come up with the following three
“logos appeals,” filling in the blanks with whatever you want
– obviously must be school appropriate, and must be
arguable. For instance, “veloceraptor is the best dinosaur.”

Hard evidence that ___________ is the best _____________.

Reasoning that _____________ is the best _______________.

Common sense that _______________ is the best __________.
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Mrs,Queen’s Example

Aaron Rogers is the best quarter back in the league because
“so far during the 2011-2012 season . . . [in] over 15 games,
he has a QB rating of 122.5% (crazy high level), he has
completed 68.3% of his passes, thrown 45 TDs and only 6
interceptions, while averaging 309 yards per game” (Squid
Sports).

Aaron Rogers is the best quarter back in the league because
he seems to be “ best” material. He has an air about him of
general trustworthiness, affability, and great leadership.
Since the best usually have these qualities (among others),
he is just as right for the position as anyone.
PROVIDING “HARD EVIDENCE”
Aristotle believed that all arguments
could be reduced to two components:
Statement + Proof
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As a writer,
or rhetorician, you may wish
to consider all arguments as consisting of
these two components:
Claim + Supporting Evidence
PROVIDING “HARD EVIDENCE”
But what happens when your “hard
evidence” (i.e. your facts) isn’t that
“hard”?
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PROVIDING “HARD EVIDENCE”
Statistics
Can the same figure mean two things?
Surveys and Polls
Can+the same findings be presented in
two or more ways?
Testimonies, Narratives and Interviews
How do these depend on ethos and
pathos?
IN LIEU OF “HARD EVIDENCE”
Using Reason and Common Sense
Deductive Reasoning:
All cats are animals
Mango is a cat
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Therefore, Mango is an animal
Enthymemes = Claims + Reasons
You should arrive early for class, because
finding parking is difficult.
IN LIEU OF “HARD EVIDENCE”
With a partner, elaborate on these
enthymemes. Include at least four
supporting statements.
+ should turn off your cell phone
~ You
because ....
~ Plan to get a ride from someone
other
than your little sister, because ....
~ Be sure and take your ID to the store
because ....
IN LIEU OF “HARD EVIDENCE”
Cultural Assumptions and Values
With a partner, identify three
fundamental beliefs about our country
that+are traditionally shared by
Americans.
“All Americans ___________.”
LOGICAL STRUCTURES FOR ARGUMENTS
Degree
“More of a good thing is good and
more
of a bad thing is bad.”
Analogies
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Development of a comparative
argument.
Precedent
Beware of the concept that because it’s
been done before, it should continue to
be done this way.