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Medical Chemistry Medical Chemistry Chemistry in its relation to pharmacy, physiology, or any science connected with medicine. Introduction • Medical chemistry is based on • General chemistry (physical chemistry) • Inorganic chemistry, Organic chemistry, Analytical chemistry • It supports several basic medical disciplines, as • medical biochemistry, physiology, pathophysiology, pharmacology, etc. Organization of the first semester I Textbooks required • General chemistry Textbook: Mc Murry –Fay : Chemistry, 4th Edition (Ebbing: General Chemistry, last Edition) or other kinds of textbooks • Organic chemistry Textbook: P.Gergely: Organic and bioorganic chemistry for medical students (3rd edition) Recommended literature: P. Gergely: Organic and McMurry, Fay: Chemistry 4th ed. bioorganic chemistry 3rd ed. Organization of the first semester II • Inorganic chemistry Textbook: Experiments in medical chemistry (Laboratory manual) edited by V. Nagy • Analytical chemistry Textbook: Experiments in medical chemistry (Laboratory manual) edited by V. Nagy Laboratory experiments in medical chemistry Written by Attila Agócs, Zoltán Berente, Gergely Gulyás, Péter Jakus, Tamás Lóránd, Veronika Nagy, Erika Radó-Turcsi, Anikó Takátsy Laboratory experiments in medical chemistry ed. Veronika Nagy Available only on internet! Edited by Veronika Nagy University of Pécs Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry Syllabi are avaible at: www.pote.hu → ETR → CooSpace → Medical Chemistry or www.pote.hu → Departments → Biochem. and Med. Chem. → Educational Materials → Medical Chemistry Organization of the second semester • Bioorganic chemistry Textbook see above P. Gergely: Organic and bioorganic chemistry for medical students (3rd edition) • Bioinorganic chemistry Textbook: P. Gergely: Introduction to bioinorganic chemistry (3rd, revised edition) Practices I Form: simple experiments performed by the students themselves and a few demonstrations (done by the staff) Topics in the first semester Basics of inorganic and general and analytical chemistry Practices II • Topics in the second semester • Basics of complex chemistry, organic chemistry and modern separation methods Practices III • Laboratory Safety • Chemical laboratory is a hazardous place. • The students are obliged to wear a lab coat and approved safety glasses or goggles. These are to provided by the students. • Packbacks, coats and other belongings should be left in the students’ locker or the cloakroom before practices. Practices IV • Other rules will be discussed on the first meeting with your practice leader. Seminars • Topics in the first semester. • They cover the main parts of general and organic chemistry • Form: short revision of a chapter of general chemistry + practicing chemical calculations • revision of the essentials of organic chemistry • (Calculation exercises, educational material on the internet!) Attendance • Attendance at lectures • Attendance at seminars and practices is obligatory. • Criteria of accepted semester Examination I • First semester Semester exam: written exam Topics: cover general and inorganic and organic chemistry Examination II Results of the academic year 2009-2010 /first semester Total number of students: 230 persons (100%) failed: 90 persons (39%) passed: 108 persons (47%) disappeared: 32 persons (14%) Web site of the Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry http://aok.pte.hu/index.php?page=egyseg&egy _id=20&nyelv=eng&menu=okt_anyag Use the material under Medical Chemistry 2010/2011 Educational materials, as sample tests, lectures, etc. are available here. Criterion Discipline: General Chemistry I Time frame: 2 hours / week, 28 hours / semester Subject of General chemistry: calculation exercises Requirements: the students are obliged to write two midterm test papers on the 6th and 13th weeks. Criterion Discipline: General Chemistry II On these test 2x8, i.e. 16 points can be gathered, which is counted into the final mark of Medical Chemistry. One should reach at least the 30% (5 points) on the two test altogether and should participate on the 75% of the classes. To fulfil the requirements of General Chemistry is a prerequisite for the valid semester in Medical Chemistry. What is the subject of chemistry? Chemistry is a branch of science discussing the matter, dealing with its composition, structure, behaviour, in addition with its chemical reactions. Short History of Chemistry I • Practical arts (Egypt and Mesopotamia, to 600 BC) • manufacturing of perfumes • smelting of metals • manufacturing of drugs • brewing (preparation of beer) Short History of Chemistry II • Greek period (600 BC-300 BC) • Developing the idea of atom • The concept of the four elements: earth, air, fire, water Short History of Chemistry III • Alchemy, Alexandrian and the Muslim world (300 BC to 1650 AD ) • Invention of processes as distillation, sublimation, crystallization, oxidation • Discovery of several elements • Concepts as acid-base and alkali originated from the Arabic word ‘al-kili’ • Industrial chemistry: production of paper Short History of Chemistry IV • Iatrochemistry - chemical discipline connected to medicine. Paracelsus: „The true use of chemistry is not to make gold but to prepare medicines.” „Mercury unites with sulphur” Short History of Chemistry V • Phlogiston theory • The chemists tried to explain different phenomena as burning, rusting and metabolism on a common base. • Theory: the combustible objects contain a fire-like element, phlogiston, it is liberated during combustion. Short History of Chemistry VI • Modern chemistry, Antoine Lavoisier, the father of the modern chemistry • Laws of chemistry • Chemical nomenclature and pioneer in stoichiometry, etc. A. Lavoisier Importance of chemistry for medical students I • General chemistry • Basic principles and facts used by biology, physiology, etc • E.g.: term of pH - importance of pH regarding the body fluids, enzymatic performance, etc. Importance of chemistry for medical students II • E. g. Distribution law of Nernst – absorption of lipid soluble drugs, mechanism of action of anaesthetics, etc. • E. g. Intermolecular forces - mechanism of action of some medicines • protein binding of medicines Organic and bioorganic chemistry I • E. g. Hydroxylation of aromatic compoundsmetabolism and changes in renal excretion • E. g. Similarity of molecule structure – similarity of pharmacological action • E. g. Cis-trans isomerism of substances – varying toxicity of cis-trans isomeric compounds Organic and bioorganic chemistry II • E.g. acetylene groups (triple bond)- role in drugs (in steroid contraceptive agents) • E.g. reaction of thiols with heavy metals –toxicity of heavy metals (possible targets: thiol enzymes)