Transcript Settle in India

Bellringer
• Glue in your:
– Homework pg 63
– Preview pg 64
– Revisiting the fertile crescent pg 65
– Notes/ process pg 66
– Homework- in folder
Agenda
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Preview
Reading
Notes
Process
India Geography
• Isolated
– Peninsula
– Sub-continent
• Himalaya
• Hindu-Kush
• But, mountain passes allow migration
Aryan Migrations
• Aryan nomadic groups
– Come from north of
the Black Sea
– Move into parts of Asia
and Europe
• Settle in India among
the agricultural people
already there
Aryan Culture
• Aryans brought elements of their culture to
India
– Gods
– Sacred writings: the Vedas and Upanishads
– Religious rituals
– Social class structure
• Imposed their beliefs on the natives
The Caste System
• The rigid social class structure in India, a part
of Hindu beliefs
– Caste determines your social status, job, friends,
spouse
– Cannot change caste in your lifetime
– Move up if you lead a good life and follow the
rules
The Caste System
The Brahman
• Hindu spiritual goal is to reunite their
individual soul with Brahman, the “World
Soul”
• The world, all individuals and individual souls,
and all gods derive from the Brahman
Hindu Gods
• All gods are “manifestations” of the Brahman
• Manifestation: appearance in bodily
form
– Hundreds or thousands of “gods”
– VERY open religion – can worship many different
things and be a Hindu
• Is it polytheistic or monotheistic?
Hindu Gods
• Common Hindu Gods
– Brahma, the creator
– Vishnu, the preserver
– Shiva, the destroyer
Freeing the Soul
• To reunite your atman with the Brahman, you
must achieve perfect understanding: moksha
• This takes more than one lifetime!
Reincarnation (or rebirth in a new body)
occurs after the cycle of life, samsara, is
complete
• Reaching moksha ends reincarnation
Reincarnation
• Your position in the next life is determined by
karma, the sum of your good and bad deeds
and how well you performed your dharma, or
the duty of your role in life
• Dharma is associated with your caste, and
karma determines what caste you return to –
a very serious punishment or reward
Ms. Heath’s
Rule of World History #5
They’re called gods for a reason
Buddhism
Hinduism’s Problems
• Some people did not like
– Inequality
– Inaccessibility (need
priests to interact with
gods for you)
The Solution
• A new faith
• Siddhartha Gautama grew up sheltered from
the world.
• When he left his palace, he was shocked by
what he saw
– Became the founder of Buddhism
The Buddha
• Siddhartha left his life in a
palace to seek wisdom
• No one he met had any
wisdom
• So he meditated under a
tree until he discovered
the truth about the world
– He became known as the
Buddha: awakened or
enlightened one
Four Noble Truths
1. To live is to suffer
2. Suffering is caused by desire
3. To end suffering, you must get rid of all
desires
4. To do so, follow the Eightfold Path to
enlightenment
Nirvana
• nirvana : Enlightenment
• Enlightenment can be achieved by acting,
thinking, and believing in the proper way
• Nirvana ends your soul’s reincarnation
Karma
• Buddhists believe in karma, much like Hindus
• Instead of determining caste, karma provides
your reincarnated self with desirable qualities
(wealth, beauty, influence, etc.)
• Karma is based on your intentions, not just
your actions
Solving Problems
• Hinduism has inequality
– Buddhism rejects the caste system. All Buddhists
belong to the religious community
• Hinduism is inaccessible, requires priests
– Buddhism is very personal, individual meditation
and self-improvement
– Can reach nirvana in a single lifetime
About Buddha
• Buddha is not a god! “Buddha” is a title
granted to Siddhartha Gautama
• Fat Buddha, and Buddha worship, is a later
Chinese development
Religious Spread
Agenda
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Quick review of Hinduism and Buddhism
GRAPES chart (pg 173)
Video
Begin on homework
• Quiz next class and quiz from last class in your
folders
MAURYAN EMPIRE
Geography
• Majority of India except southern tip
Religion
• Hinduism
• Buddhism
– Asoka converts to Buddhism
Asoka
• Chandragupta’s grandson
• Harsh and Brutal Warrior
• Battle at Kautilya
– Kills 100,000 soldiers
– Feels bad
– Starts studying Buddhism and
converts
• Preaches nonviolence
Achievements
• Unifying India
• Sends missionaries to spread Buddhism-Asoka
• Road system
– Rest houses and wells for travelers
Political
• Bureaucracy
• Divides empire into 4
provinces
• Royal prices govern
provinces
– Officials collect taxes and
carry out laws
Economic
• Farming
• Trade- Indian Ocean trade
Social
• Class system
• Patriarchal
GUPTA EMPIRE
Geography
• Smaller than Mauryan Empire
– Northern and Central India
Religion
• Hinduism
Achievements
• Art
• Literature
• Science and Math
Political
• Kings
• Alliances with regional kings
Economic
• Farming
• Trade
Social
• Caste System
• Patriarchal
Bellringer
• Glue in the following pages
– Pg 75- HW from last night
– Pg 76 Preview
– Pg 77 DO NOT GLUE IN!!!!
– Pg 78- Activity
– Pg 79- process
Agenda
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Glue in pages
Quiz
Preview
Notes
Finish Video! And go over answers
Activity
Process
Homework
• Reading Packet
• Finish vocabulary
• Quiz next class
– (will be taking notes home to help you study)
Reading Activity
• Read through the packet to complete page 77
Activity
• Decide which phrase belongs to which
philosophy
– Buddhism
– Confucianism
– Daoism
Who Said That?
Buddhism
Confucianism
Daoism
The Three Sages, that is, of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism, as illustrated in a late Ming period book. From left to right are Confucius, a
Buddhist bodhisattva, and Laozi with the yin-yang symbol. [Safari Montage]
Buddhism
• Like a spider caught in its own web is a person
driven by fierce cravings. Break out of the
web, and turn away from the world of sensory
pleasure and sorrow.
Confucianism
• If a ruler himself is upright, all will go well
without orders. But if he himself is not
upright, even though he gives orders they will
not be obeyed.
Daoism
• Highest good is like water. Because water
excels in benefitting the myriad creatures
without contenting with them and settles
where none would like to be, it comes close to
the Way.
Buddhism
• The mind is flighty, and hard to grasp; the
mind pursues all its desires. To tame the mind
is great goodness. Subdue the mind and know
tranquility.
Daoism
• The more laws and edicts are imposed, the
more thieves and bandits there will be.
Confucianism
• Be respectful at home, serious at work,
faithful in human relations. Even if you go to
uncivilized areas, these virtues are not to be
abandoned.
Confucianism
• Seeing that our body, with hair and skin, is
derived from our parents, we should not allow
it to be injured in any way. This is the
beginning of filial respect. We develop our
own character and practice the way so as to
perpetuate our name for future generations,
and to bring honor to our parents.
Buddhism
• Life is a journey, death is a return to the earth,
the universe is like an inn, the passing years
are like dust.
Daoism
• The sage, because he does nothing, never
ruins anything; and, because he does not lay
hold of anything, loses nothing.