Transcript Chapter 5 Ancient India - Jefferson County Schools

 1. Define subcontinent
 2. Define monsoons
 A large landmass that is
 Seasonal wind patterns
smaller than a continent
that cause wet and dry
seasons
 3. Describe the Harappan
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civilization and
achievements
Thrived between 2300 BC
and 1700 BC
Had fortresses
Brick streets with stores,
workshops and markets
Public wells
Achievements: indoor
plumbing, writing system
 4. Describe the Aryan
civilization
 Small communities based
on family ties, led locally,
not central government
 Nomadic
 Leader was called a raja
 5. Define sanskrit
 6. Describe the “varnas”
 The most important
 Social divisions in Aryan
language of ancient India
society
 Recorded information on  Top: Brahmins (priests)
the Aryan society
 Next:Kshatriyas (rulers)
 Next: Vaisyas (farmers,
craftspeople, traders)
 Bottom: Sudras (laborers
or non-Aryan)
 7. Define caste system
 8. What are the caste
 Divided Indian society in
rules?
 Can not marry outside of
your caste
 Can not eat with
members of another
caste
to groups based on a
person’s birth, wealth, or
occupation
 9. Define “Brahmanism”
 10. What were the Vedas
 The Aryan religion, named
this because the priests
were called Brahmins
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and Vedic texts?
Sacred hymns and poems
Vedic texts were the
Brahmins thoughts on the
Vedas
Described sacrifices, secret
rituals
Last one was called the
“Upanishads” (reflections
of the Vedas by religious
students and teachers)
 11. Describe Hinduism
 12. Who are the Hindu
 The largest religion in
India today
 It was a blend of
Brahmanism and other
cultures beliefs
 They believe everything in
the world is a part of
Brahman and everyone's
goal should be to
eventually join your soul
with Brahman
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gods?
Brahma the Creator
Siva the Destroyer
Vishnu the Preserver
*each god is a part of a
single universal spirit
called the Brahman (this
created the world and
preserves it)
 13. What are Hindu’s beliefs
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in life and rebirth?
Everyone has a soul
(atman)
The soul holds your
personality
You will eventually join the
Brahman because this
world is an illusion
Since its hard to see
through the illusion you
may have to live several
lives
 14. Define reincarnation
 The process of rebirth
 15. Define karma
 16. How does the caste
 The effects that good or
system relate to
Hinduism?
 Bad karma= reborn to a
lower caste system
 Good karma=reborn in
to a better caste
bad actions have on a
person’s soul
 *Dharma=set of spiritual
duties you must fulfill in
your life
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17. Describe Jainism
Four basic principles:
1. injure no life
2. tell the truth
3. do not steal
4. own no property
 Everything is alive and part of
the cycle of rebirth
 Do not kill any creature
(humans, animals, insects or
even plants)
 vegetarians
 18. Define nonviolence
 The avoidance of violent
actions
 Jainism practice this
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19. Describe Sikhism
Blends Hinduism and Islam
Monotheistic (ONE god)
Ultimate goal is to reunite with their one
god, to get there you must meditate to
find spiritual enlightenment
Believe in reincarnation
Live truthfully and treat everyone equally
Pray several times a day
Always have on them: long hair, small
comb, a steel bracelet, a sword and a
special undergarment
Men wear turbans
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20. Who was Siddartha Gautama?
Prince that grew up in luxury in northern
India
Felt something was missing, looked
around his town and saw suffering
He wanted to know the meaning of life
and suffering
Before he was 30 he left his family to go
on a journey
He fasted and meditated and talked to
priests for 6 years he wondered around
He sat under a tree and meditated and
after 7 weeks realized:
1. we suffer because we want what we
don’t have
2. we suffer because we worry about
keeping what we have
3. we suffer because we don’t like what we
have
 21. Define fasting and
 22. Who is the Buddha?
meditation
 Fasting: going without
food
 Meditation: focusing of
the mind on spiritual
ideas
 Siddartha Gautama, after
he became enlightened
 23. Describe Buddhism
 24. What are the Four Noble Truths?
 Religion based on the teachings of
 1. Suffering and unhappiness are a
the Buddha
 People should act morally and treat
others well
part of human life. No one can
escape sorrow
 2. Suffering comes from our desires
for pleasure and material goods.
People cause their own misery
because they want what they cant
have.
 3. People can overcome desire and
ignorance and reach nirvana
(perfect peace)
 4. People can overcome ignorance
and desire by following the 8 Fold
Path that leads to wisdom,
enlightenment, and salvation
 25. What is the Eightfold Path?
 1. Right thought (4 Noble Truths)
 2. Right Intent (goodness and
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kindness)
3. Right Speech (avoid lies and
gossip)
4. Right Action (don’t steal or harm
others)
5. Right livelihood (reject work that
hurts others)
6. Right Effort (prevent evil, go
good)
7. Right mindfulness(control your
feelings and thoughts)
8. Right concentration (meditate)
 26. Why was Buddha against the
caste system?
 He didn’t think that people should
be confined to a particular place in
society
 Doesn’t matter what caste system
you are born in to, live a good life
 27. How did Buddhism
 28. What are the two
spread?
 Through missionaries
(people who work to
spread their religious
beliefs)
branches Buddhism split
in to?
 1. Theravada (stricter to
the rules of the Buddha)
 Mahayana (people can
interpret the Buddha’s
teachings how they
want~ more popular
today)
 29. Who was Candragupta
 30. Who was Asoka and
Maurya and what did he
do?
 A military leader who
seized control of the entire
northern part of India
 Huge army of 600,000
soldiers and war elephants
 Became a Jainist and gave
up his throne
what did he do?
 Maurya’s grandson
 Strong ruler, took over
most of India
 Saw bloody battles and
became Buddhist and
stopped taking over other
land and worked on
improving his kingdom
(wells, roads, etc)
 31. Who was Candra
 32. Describe Indian
Gupta II and what did he
do?
 The Gupta society
reached its high point
during his rule
 Covered a large area,
people were happy,
wealthy
temples
 Buddhist temples, out of
mountainsides
 Filled with beautiful wall
paintings and sculptures
 33. Describe Indian
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painting and sculpture
Colorful
Showed graceful Indians
wearing fine jewelry and
stylish clothes
Showed Hinduism and
Buddhism beliefs
Statues of kings and
Buddha
 34. What are the
religious epics?
 Mahabharata and
Ramayana are famous
epics
 Explained religious
beliefs and models on
how humans should
behave
 35. What were the scientific
 36. What were the
advances of ancient India?
 Metallurgy (working with
metals)
mathematic and other
advances of Ancient India?
 Hindu-Arabic numerals
(used today)
 Inoculation (injecting a
person with a small dose of
a virus to help him or her
build up defenses to a
disease)
 Astronomy (study of stars
and planets)