Transcript PPT Day3 - Kugler History Website

Chap 15 Day 3 East Asia
Conflicts with Chinese Culture
• Buddhism:
– Text-based
(Buddhist
teachings)
• Emphasis on
Metaphysics
• Ascetic ideal
– Celibacy
– isolation
• Confucianism:
– Text-based
(Confucian
teachings)
– Daoism not textbased
• Emphasis on ethics,
politics
• Family-centered
– Procreation
– Filial piety
Chan (Zen) Buddhism
• Buddhists adapt ideology to Chinese
climate
– Dharma translated as dao
– Nirvana translated as wuwei
• Accommodated family lifestyle
– “one son in monastery for ten generations of
salvation”
• Limited emphasis on textual study,
meditation instead
Persecution of Buddhists
• Daoist/Confucian
persecution supported
in late Tang dynasty
• 840s begins systematic
closure of Buddhist
temples, expulsions
– Zoroastrians, Christians,
Manicheans as well
• Economic motive:
seizure of large
monastic landholdings
Neo-Confucianism
• Song dynasty refrains
from persecuting
Buddhists, but favors
Confucians
• Neo-Confucians
influenced by
Buddhist thought
• But more rational
ethics system
China and Korea
• Silla Dynasty:
Tang armies
withdraw, Korea
recognizes Tang
as emperor
• Technically a
vassal state, but
highly
independent
• Chinese influence
on Korean culture
pervasive- How?
China and Vietnam
• Vietnamese
adaptation to
Chinese culture,
technology
• But ongoing
resentment at
political domination
• Assert
independence when
Tang dynasty falls
in 10th century
China and Early Japan
• Chinese armies never
invade Japan
• Yet Chinese culture
pervasive
• Imitation of Tang
administration
– Establishment of new
capital at Nara, hence
“Nara Japan” (710-794
CE)
• Adoption of Confucian,
Buddhist teachings
• Yet retention of Shinto
religion
Heian Japan (794-1185 CE)
• Japanese emperor
• Influence of Chinese
moves court to Heian
kanji characters
(Kyoto)
– Classic curriculum
dominated by Chinese
• Yet emperor figurehead,
real power in hands of
Fujiwara clan
– Pattern in Japanese
history: weak emperor,
power behind the throne
– Helps explain longevity
of the institution- WHY?
Institution of the Shogun
Civil war between Taira
and Minamoto clans
in 12th century
• Minamoto leader
named shogun, 1185
CE
• Ruled from
Kamakura, allowed
imperial throne to
continue in Kyoto
Medieval Japan
• Kamakura (11851333 CE) and
Muromachi (13361573 CE) periods
• Decentralized power
in hands of warlords
• Military authority in
hands of samurai
• Professional warriors
Summary
• What was the extent and nature of the
influence of China on Korea, Vietnam, and
Japan?