Transcript HISTORY

HISTORY - INDIA
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Indus River Valley Civilizations
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Dravidian Era (3500/3000 B.C. - 1500 B.C.)
dark skinned people
no written records: artifacts for studying
polytheistic: worshipped animals
Vedic Period – Aryan Invasion
• Vedic Age (2000 B.C. - 800 B.C.)
• Aryans: fair skin
• racist: no mixing w/ Dravidians, create caste
system
• were farmers, not urban dwellers
• fun-loving (gambling, dancing, chariot races)
• stories (Vedas) had been passed down by oral
tradition
• stories later written in Sanskrit in next age
(500BC): told of life in Vedic Age
Epic Age – formation of castes
• Epic Age (900 B.C. - 500 B.C.)
• Castes: Brahmans (rel. leaders)
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Kshatriya (warriors)
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Vaisya (merchants, bankers, businessmen)
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Sudra (farm & city workers)
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Untouchables ("out"castes) dark skinned,
accepted position, in gutter
Persian Invasion
• Persian Invasion (500 B.C. - 300 B.C.)
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Darius conquered & controlled Punjab
Greek Invasion
• Greek Invasion (327 B.C. - 323 B.C.)
• Alexander the Great: overextended soldiers &
empire – forced to turn back
contracted fever in Babylon & died
Mauryan Empire
• Mauryan Dynasty (320BC – 200 BC)
• Chandragupta: great warrior; ruled with terror
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over threw Selucius
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created 1st Indian Empire: central control
Gupta Empire
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Gupta Empire (300 – 500)
Benevolent: based on Buddhist teachings
creative culture (literature)
Advanced in math (decimal system, zero,
algebra, Arabic numerals)
Muslim Empire (Mughals)
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Muslim Empire (750 – 1500)
Invasion by Turkish Muslims (mounted archers with elephants)
destroyed Buddhist temples
lower castes embraced Islam
Gave rise to Sikhs: Muslims with adaptations of Hinduism
Mughal Empire (1200s)
formed Mughal Empire under Bahbur
Bahbur’s grandson, Akbar the Great
Akbar’s grandson: Shah Jihan
Taj Mahal to Mumtaz Mahal by Shah Jihan (her husband)
(she had died after 14th child)
European Invasion
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Age of European Imperialism (1500s – 1947)
1498 – Portugal took Sri Lanka (spice market)
1707 – Dutch East India company took Sri Lanka from Portugal
French Mississippi Company took Western cities of India
British East India Company took Western Cities of India
– hired SEPOYS to help in fight
1857 – Sepoys rebelled – led to general rebellion
Led to annexation of entire sub-continent – Mughal rule
ended
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Queen Victoria became EMPRESS VICTORIA
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• Next 100 yrs – British ruled India & forced Indian farmers to grow
cash crops
Indian Independence
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Indian Independence (1910-1947)
not many British really cared about India
1920s – Gandhi turned Congress into organization of mass mobilization
Complete non-cooperation with British government
1930s – violent reaction to depression
1940s – War brought disaster to Bengal – food prices soured
Millions died of starvation
Jinnah called for a separate Pakistan
1947 (15 August) – two nations formed
Dislocations and rioting
10,000,000 uprooted by partition
300,000 – 1 mil. Deaths in civil war (moving, lines of nations) (Gandhi fasted)
Expulsions, riot, killings, refugees, racism
Kashmir still not settled