Transcript India And Southeast Asia

India And Southeast Asia
By: Priyanka, Liz,
Hayley, Heather, and
Thomas.
• Asian subcontinent.
• Physically isolated by the
Himalayas to the north and the
Indian Ocean to the east, south,
and west.
• Climate is subtropical. Moisture
source comes for the seasonal
monsoon.
• Migrations: invasions and
migrations came by land in
northwest India.
• Mountains: Himalayas and Hindu
Kush mountains ranges
• Major Rivers: Indus River and
Ganges River
• Crops: rice, wheat, barley, and
millet
India
Environment
Hinduism
• Is a wide variety of religious traditions
and philosophies that have developed in
India over thousands of years.
• Hinduism has no beginning--it precedes
recorded history. It has no human
founder.
• It is a mystical religion, leading the
devotee to personally experience the
Truth within
• Most Hindus worship many gods and
believe in reincarnation.
Traditional dance in Hinduism (they sing about the
Gods Radha and Krishna) ->
www.youtube.com/watch?v=872LRkujZ3E
Buddhism
• A path of practice and spiritual development leading to
Insight into the true nature of reality.
• Buddhist practices like meditation are means of changing
yourself to develop Awareness, kindness, and wisdom.
• Buddhism goes beyond religion and is more of a philosophy
or 'way of life‘ and the Buddhist path can be summed up as:
• (1) to lead a moral life,
(2) to be mindful and aware of thoughts and actions, and
(3) to develop wisdom and understanding.
Society In the Vedic Age
• Skin color was a bases for the divisions. This
system was known as the Varna System.
• The population was divided into jati, or birth
groups.
• These birth groups had proper occupation,
duties, and rituals. Individuals also had to marry
within their group.
Society in the Vedic Age
• Society was divided in four separate groups:
- Brahmin: Priests and Scholars
-Kshatriya: Warriors and Officials
-Vaishya: Merchants, artisans, and land owners
-Shudra: peasants and laborers
- Untouchables (Avoided at all possible costs)
Society in the Vedic Age
• Women were able to study sacred lore,
compose religious hymns, and participate
in sacrificial rituals.
• Women’s status began to decline. They
were treated as if they were untouchables.
• They lost the right to own property.
• Women were suppose to kill themselves if
their husband died.
Interactions
• Had major cities.
• Interacted with Southeast and East Asia.
Works of Literature/Art
• Rig Veda - several mythological and poetical accounts of
the origin of the world.
• Vedas – Came after Rig Veda it is the same but has the
main source of information about the Vedic Age.
• Upanishads - Group of philosophical treatises contributing
to theology of ancient Hinduism, elaborating earlier Veda
Continued
• Ramayana - Story of Rama
(heroic prince)
• Mahabharata - Story of 2
cousins battling for the
throne.
• Bhagavad-Gita - Most
renowned of all Indian
sacred texts.
Political Structures of the:
Mauryan Empire
Gupta Empire
Funan
Gupta Empire
• Their capital city was in Pataliputra.
• Was much smaller than Mauryan
Empire
• The empire lasted from 320-550 A.D.
and saw advancement of trade,
agriculture, and mining.
• This empire was a perfect example of a
theater-state which is a government that
receives power by elaborate events that
leave ignorant subjects wowed.
• Were engaged by the European Huns
causing a financial collapse from the
money spent fighting them.
Trade in the Gupta Empire
• Was a “theater state”, which acquires prestige and
power by developing attractive cultural forms and
staging elaborate public ceremonies to appeal to
more people.
• Sought to control the ports on the Arabian Sea
• Traded with Southeast Asia and East Asia
• Traded Indian cotton cloth, ivory, metal work and
exotic animals for Chinese silk or Indonesian spices.
Mauryan Empire
• Chandragupta Maurya developed the first Indian empire.
• Their capital city was in Pataliputra where the empire was ruled by the emperor and
his six committees that governed manufacturing, trade, sales, taxes, welfare of
foreigners, and registration of the births and deaths.
• Chandragupta’s grandson Ashoka the Great conquered many lands and expanded the
empire before the loss of his men got to him.
• His commitment to Buddhism led to its expansion to many new lands preventing the
religion or philosophy from dying out.
Southeast Asia
Environment
• Three geographical zones: Indochina
mainland, Malay Peninsula, and the
islands extending into the Pacific
Ocean.
• Tropical climate
• Volcanic soil: fertile land supports
large populations.
• Southeast Asia is mainly rainforest.
• Crops: rice, soybeans, sugarcane,
yams, bananas, and coconuts.
• Due to the thousands of small
islands, people who migrated from
China became expert navigators.
Funan
• Its capital was in Oc-Eo and the
empire flourished between the
1st and 6th centuries.
• Were a dominating trade society
with control of many trade
routes.
• Unclear reason for decline in 6th
century.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RLIvYFvRU9M