Transcript Civilization, Past & Present

Chapter3:Two:
Ancient
Chapter
Ancient
India:China:
FromOrigins
Originsto
toEmpire
300 C.E.
Chapter Outline
I. Early India
II. Dramatic Developments in Religion and Culture,
600–320 B.C.E.
III.The Mauryan Empire and Other Kingdoms,
320 B.C.E.–300 C.E.
IV. Emergent Hinduism and Buddhism,
200 B.C.E.–300 c.e.
V.The Meeting of East and West:
Networks of Exchange
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present
Chapter 3: Ancient India: From Origins to 300 C.E.
I. Early India
A. The Indus Civilization
c. 2500–1500 B.C.E.
Neolithic
chickens
cotton
copper, bronze
Mohenjo-Daro
Harappa
brahmans
Indus valley script
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 3: Ancient India: From Origins to 300 C.E.
I. Early India
B. Aryan Culture in the Early Vedic
Age, 1900–1000 B.C.E.
1. Aryans
Sanskrit
Indo-European
v. Dasas
Rig-Veda
2. Religion
Indra
Agni
Varuna
Mitra
rita
3. Political System
raja
tribal assemblies
4. Social Organization, varnas
brahmans
kshatriyas
vaishyas
shudras
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 3: Ancient India: From Origins to 300 C.E.
I. Early India
C. The Later Vedic Ages,
c. 1000–600 B.C.E.
Hinduism
Aryan Expansion
Kurukshetra
Bharata
Brahmans
Sama-Veda
Yajur-Veda
Atharva-Veda
Brahmanas
Political Developments
maharajas
samrajas
Society
villages
castes
four categories
jatis
> occupation = jati
Untouchables, outside
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 3: Ancient India: From Origins to 300 C.E.
II. Dramatic Developments in Religion and
Culture, 600–320 B.C.E.
A. Upanishads
yoga
Brahman
transmigration of souls
karman = action, deed
dharma = law of the Vedas
samsara
moksha
B. Jainism
Mahavira (c. 559–c. 468 B.C.E.)
the Jina (conqueror)
tirthamkara
ahimsa
C. Buddhism
Siddhartha Gautama
The Buddha (awakened)
Four Noble Truths
Sutras - sermons
Stupas — shrines
King Ashoka
Development
monasteries
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 3: Ancient India: From Origins to 300 C.E.
III. The Mauryan Empire and Other Kingdoms,
320 B.C.E.–300 C.E.
Magadha
Alexander the Great, 326 B.C.E.
A. Foundation of Mauryan Empire,
(326–184 B.C.E.)
Chandragupta Maurya
Patliputra (Patna)
founds dynasty
treaty with Seleucus
B. Life in the Empire
Megasthenes
Army
Secret police
Courts
Arthashastra (Treatise on Material Gain)
by Kautilya
early “mirror for princes”
C. Ashoka (269–232 B.C.E.)
grandson of Chandragupta
adopts non-violence
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 3: Ancient India: From Origins to 300 C.E.
III. The Mauryan Empire and Other Kingdoms
D. Invasions
Bactrian Greeks
Seleucid empire
Demetrius
c. 245 B.C.E., founds kingdom
Taxila
Nomads from Central Asia
Scythians
Yuezhi
> four tribes
Kushanas
Kanishka (fl. 120 C.E.)
Mahayana Buddhism
E. South India, the Deccan
Dravidian language
Tamil kingdoms
Chera
Pandya
Chola
Pallava dynasty
Literature
Sangam tradition
Madurai
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 3: Ancient India: From Origins to 300 C.E.
IV. Emergent Hinduism and Buddhism,
200 B.C.E.–300 C.E.
A. Hindu Synthesis
diversity
Vishnu
appears in history in incarnations
wife, Lakshmi
Shiva
wife, Parvati
Devi (Kali) = “the goddess”
later, Gupta period
B. The Epics
Mahabharata
Pandavas
Kauravas
Yudhisthira
Bhagavad-Gita
Arjuna and Krishna
Ramayana
Rama, Sita
C. Counting Time
mahayugas
Golden Age
Age of Trey
Age of Deuce
Age of Dissolution
D. Buddhism after the Buddha
Mahayana, from c. 100 B.C.E.
bodhisattvas
Theravada — "doctrine of the elders"
Spread
Sri Lanka — c. 250 B.C.E.
China— after 100 B.C.E.
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 3: Ancient India: From Origins to 300 C.E.
V. The Meeting of East and West: Networks of Exchange
A. Buddhist Sculpture and Architecture
influence of Hellenism
B. Beyond the Indian Frontiers
trade with Han, Roman Empire
Parthians, Arabs — middlemen
Augustus - tries to eliminate middlemen
C. The Balance of Trade
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins