Transcript The 5 Major World Religions

The 5 Major World Religions
SOL WH II 14: The student will demonstrate knowledge of
the influence of Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Buddhism,
and Hinduism in the contemporary world by
a.
Describing their beliefs, sacred writings, traditions, and
customs
b.
Locating the geographic distribution of religions in the
contemporary world
What to Know
•
•
Terms
•
– Monotheism
– Polytheism
– Karma
– Caste System
– Reincarnation
Concepts
– Four Noble Truths
– Eightfold Path
– Five Pillars
– Sunni Islam
– Shi’a Islam
Texts/Writings
• 10 Commandments
• New Testament
• Torah
• Koran (Quran)
•
•
People
• Jesus
• Moses
• Abraham
• Muhammed
• Siddhartha
Gautama, Buddha
• Asoka
• Allah
• Yaweh
Places
• Mecca
• Medina
• Jerusalem
• Israel
• Palestine
• India
Where are the Religions?
Judaism
• Early History
– ~1950 BC, Abraham’s
Covenant
– Travel to Canaan then to
Egypt
– Slavery in Egypt
– Moses & the Exodus
– Moses on Mt. Sinai
• The 10 Commandments (p.
32)
• The Torah
– Pentateuch
Abraham & Isaac
Torah
• Old Testament
• Abraham’s History
– Mishnah
• Writings of the Prophets
– Talmud
• Other Writings of the Jewish
Tradition
Moses & the 10
Commandments
Settlement
• Settlement in Palestine
– 1250 BC – 1050 BC
– Worship of Yahweh
• Ethical
Monotheism:
God’s Laws are
our Laws
– Jerusalem: The Holy
City
– 586 BC: Solomon’s
Temple Destroyed
Beliefs and Customs
• “Diet
• Food must be Kosher
– Holy Days & Festivals
• Passover (spring)
• Shabouth (fall)
• Rosh Hashanah
– Yom Kippur, the day of
Atonement
• Hannukkah (Winter)
• Purim (March)
The Nicene Creed
•
•
•
We believe in one God,
the Father, the Almighty,
maker of heaven and earth,
of all that is, seen and unseen.
We believe in one Lord, Jesus
Christ,
the only son of God,
eternally begotten of the Father,
God from God, Light from Light,
•
true God from true God,
begotten, not made,
of one being with the Father.
Through him all things were made.
For us and for our salvation
he came down from heaven:
by the power of the Holy Spirit
he became incarnate from the
Virgin Mary,
and was made man.
For our sake he was crucified under
Pontius Pilate;
he suffered death and was buried.
On the third day he rose again
in accordance with the Scriptures;
he ascended into heaven
and is seated at the right hand of the
Father.
He will come again in glory
to judge the living and the dead,
and his kingdom will have no end.
We believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the
giver of life,
who proceeds from the Father [and the
Son].
With the Father and the Son
he is worshipped and glorified.
He has spoken through the Prophets.
We believe in one holy catholic and
apostolic Church.
We acknowledge one baptism for the
forgiveness of sins.
We look for the resurrection of the dead,
and the life of the world to come. AMEN.
Basic Christianity
• History
– 2000 yrs ago
– The Apostles
– Christ’s Death
– Council of Nicaea, 325
• Texts
– The New Testament
• Beliefs
– The Holy Trinity
– Immaculate Conception
– The Afterlife
• Customs & Holidays
– Weekly Worship
– Holy Week
• Palm Sunday
• Maundy Thursday
• Good Friday
• Easter
– Christmas
Christ on the Cross, Velazquez
The Holy Trinity,
Albrecht Duerer
Icon depicting the First Council
of Nicaea
Judaism
Christianity
Islam
1.
Book
1. Book
1. Book
2.
Founder
2. Founder
2. Founder
3.
Belief
3. Belief
3. Belief
4.
Holy Places
4. Establishment of
Doctrine/Beliefs
4. Holy Places
5.
Location
5. Location
5. Location
Islam: The 5 Pillars
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Faith
–
There is no god but
Allah and
Muhammad is his
messenger
Prayer (Salat)
–
5 x daily
Charity (Zakat)
–
All Things belong to
God so we should
donate to the Needy
Fast
–
During Ramadan,
form sun up to
sundown.
Pilgrimage (Hajj)
–
Once in a lifetime trip
to Mecca and the
Ka’ba
Hinduism
Buddhism
1. Location
Number of
gods
2. Goal
•Goal
3. Belief
•Belief
4. Founder
Class
system
Reincarnati
on based
on
5. Path to
Nirvana
6. Asoka
•Location
Hinduism
• 4000 – 2500 BCE
– Aryan Peoples
– Oral Tradition
• Vedas & Upanishads
• Aryan Caste System
– Brahmins: Priests
– Ksatriyas: Warriors &
Rulers
– Vaisyas: Merchants,
Farmers, Artisans
– Sudras: Manual Laborers
– Untouchables: Dirty Work
Hindu Gods: Many
Forms of One God
Brahma: The Creator
Siva: The Destroyer
Vishnu: The Preserver
•
•
•
•
Buddhism
Siddartha Gautama, 560-490 BCE
–
The Buddha: The Enlightened One
Buddhist Beliefs
–
No Real Gods or Deities
–
Goal: Nirvana not Brahma
Four Noble Truths
1.
Life is Suffering
2.
Suffering is caused by desire &
resistance to change
3.
We can end suffering by ending desire
4.
We can end desire and suffering by
following the eightfold path
Eight Fold Path
1.
Right Understanding
2.
Right Thought
3.
Right Speech
4.
Right Action
5.
Right Livelihood
6.
Right Effort
7.
Right Mindfulness
8.
Right Concentration
Asoka: 273-232 BC