Transcript The 5 Major World Religions

The 5 Major World Religions
SOL WH II 14: The student will demonstrate knowledge of
the influence of Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Buddhism,
and Hinduism in the contemporary world by
a.
Describing their beliefs, sacred writings, traditions, and
customs
b.
Locating the geographic distribution of religions in the
contemporary world
What to Know
•
•
Terms
•
– Monotheism
– Polytheism
– Karma
– Moksha
– Dharma
– Caste System
– Reincarnation
– Diaspora
– Apostle
Concepts
– Four Noble Truths
– Eightfold Path
– Five Pillars
– Sunni Islam
– Shi’a Islam
Texts/Writings
• 10 Commandments
• New Testament
• Torah
• Koran (Quran)
• Vedas
• Upanishads
•
•
People
• Jesus
• Moses
• Abraham
• Muhammed
• Siddhartha
Gautama, Buddha
• Asoka
• Allah
• Yaweh
Places
• Mecca
• Medina
• Jerusalem
• Israel
• Palestine
• India
• Babylon
• Dome of the Rock
Where are the Religions?
Judaism
• Early History
– ~1950 BC, Abraham’s
Covenant
– Travel to Canaan then to
Egypt
– Slavery in Egypt
– Moses & the Exodus
– Moses on Mt. Sinai
• The 10 Commandments (p.
32)
• The Torah
– Pentateuch
Abraham & Isaac
Torah
• Old Testament
• Abraham’s History
– Mishnah
• Writings of the Prophets
– Talmud
• Other Writings of the Jewish
Tradition
Moses & the 10
Commandments
Settlement and Diaspora
• Settlement in Palestine
– 1250 BC – 1050 BC
– Worship of Yahweh
• Ethical
Monotheism:
God’s Laws are
our Laws
– Jerusalem: The Holy
City
– 586 BC: Solomon’s
Temple Destroyed
• Diaspora
– Deported to Babylon
– 2nd Temple destroyed
in 70 AD
– Rabbi’s (Teachers)
carry the faith
throughout the world
Jerusalem by Matisyahu
[Chorus]
Jerusalem, if I forget you,
fire not gonna come from me tongue.
Jerusalem, if I forget you,
let my right hand forget what it's
supposed to do.
In the ancient days, we will return with no
delay
Picking up the bounty and the spoils on our
way
We've been traveling from state to state
And them don't understand what they say
3,000 years with no place to be
And they want me to give up my milk and
honey
Don't you see, it's not about the land or the
sea
Not the country but the dwelling of his
majesty
Chorus
Rebuild the temple and the crown of glory
Years gone by, about sixty
Burn in the oven in this century
And the gas tried to choke, but it couldn't choke me
I will not lie down, I will not fall asleep
They come overseas, yes they're trying to be free
Erase the demons out of our memory
Change your name and your identity
Afraid of the truth and our dark history
Why is everybody always chasing we
Cut off the roots of your family tree
Don't you know that's not the way to be
Chorus
Caught up in these ways, and the worlds gone craze
Don't you know it's just a phase
Case of the Simon says
If I forget the truth then my words won't penetrate
Babylon burning in the place, can't see through the
haze
Chop down all of them dirty ways,
That's the price that you pay for selling lies to the
youth
No way, not ok, oh no way, not ok, hey
Aint no one gonna break my stride
Aint no one gonna pull me down
Oh no, I got to keep on moving
Stay alive
Beliefs and Customs
• “I keep the lord always before me.”
– All of life is and act of worship
• Religious Customs
– Prayer 3 x a day
– Worship on the Sabbath day
Saturday
• Whole Torah (Pentateuch) is
read each year
– Diet
• Food must be Kosher
– Holy Days & Festivals
• Passover (spring)
• Shabouth (fall)
• Rosh Hashanah
– Yom Kippur, the day of
Atonement
• Hannukkah (Winter)
• Purim (March)
The Nicene Creed
•
•
•
We believe in one God,
the Father, the Almighty,
maker of heaven and earth,
of all that is, seen and unseen.
We believe in one Lord, Jesus
Christ,
the only son of God,
eternally begotten of the Father,
God from God, Light from Light,
•
true God from true God,
begotten, not made,
of one being with the Father.
Through him all things were made.
For us and for our salvation
he came down from heaven:
by the power of the Holy Spirit
he became incarnate from the
Virgin Mary,
and was made man.
For our sake he was crucified under
Pontius Pilate;
he suffered death and was buried.
On the third day he rose again
in accordance with the Scriptures;
he ascended into heaven
and is seated at the right hand of the
Father.
He will come again in glory
to judge the living and the dead,
and his kingdom will have no end.
We believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the
giver of life,
who proceeds from the Father [and the
Son].
With the Father and the Son
he is worshipped and glorified.
He has spoken through the Prophets.
We believe in one holy catholic and
apostolic Church.
We acknowledge one baptism for the
forgiveness of sins.
We look for the resurrection of the dead,
and the life of the world to come. AMEN.
Basic Christianity
• History
– 2000 yrs ago
– The Apostles
– Christ’s Death
– Council of Nicaea, 325
• Texts
– The New Testament
• Beliefs
– The Holy Trinity
– Immaculate Conception
– The Afterlife
• Customs & Holidays
– Weekly Worship
– Holy Week
• Palm Sunday
• Maundy Thursday
• Good Friday
• Easter
– Christmas
Christ on the Cross, Velazquez
The Holy Trinity,
Albrecht Duerer
Icon depicting the First Council
of Nicaea
Judaism
Christianity
Islam
1.
Book
1. Book
1. Book
2.
Founder
2. Founder
2. Founder
3.
Belief
3. Belief
3. Belief
4.
Holy Places
4. Establishment of
Doctrine/Beliefs
4. Holy Places
5.
Location
5. Location
5. Location
Islam: The 5 Pillars
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Faith
–
There is no god but
Allah and
Muhammad is his
messenger
Prayer (Salat)
–
5 x daily
Charity (Zakat)
–
All Things belong to
God so we should
donate to the Needy
Fast
–
During Ramadan,
form sun up to
sundown.
Pilgrimage (Hajj)
–
Once in a lifetime trip
to Mecca and the
Ka’ba
Hinduism and Buddhism Reading
• Read pages 36-40
• Answer the questions at the end of each
section.
• Questions 5 and 6 on page 45, q’s 22 &23
on pg 46, and 31 and 32 on pg 47.
Hinduism
Buddhism
1. Location
Number of
gods
2. Goal
•Goal
3. Belief
•Belief
4. Founder
Class
system
Reincarnati
on based
on
5. Path to
Nirvana
6. Asoka
•Location
Hinduism
• 4000 – 2500 BCE
– Aryan Peoples
– Oral Tradition
• Vedas & Upanishads
• Aryan Caste System
– Brahmins: Priests
– Ksatriyas: Warriors &
Rulers
– Vaisyas: Merchants,
Farmers, Artisans
– Sudras: Manual Laborers
– Untouchables: Dirty Work
• Hindu Beliefs: Hamster Wheel
– Brahman
– Atman
– Reincarnation
– Karma
– Moksha
Hindu Gods: Many
Forms of One God
Brahma: The Creator
Siva: The Destroyer
Vishnu: The Preserver
•
•
•
•
Buddhism
Siddartha Gautama, 560-490 BCE
–
The Buddha: The Enlightened One
Buddhist Beliefs
–
No Real Gods or Deities
–
Goal: Nirvana not Brahma
Four Noble Truths
1.
Life is Suffering
2.
Suffering is caused by desire &
resistance to change
3.
We can end suffering by ending desire
4.
We can end desire and suffering by
following the eightfold path
Eight Fold Path
1.
Right Understanding
2.
Right Thought
3.
Right Speech
4.
Right Action
5.
Right Livelihood
6.
Right Effort
7.
Right Mindfulness
8.
Right Concentration
Asoka: 273-232 BC