Transcript Encoding
Test corrections due Memory notes and examples Homework: ◦ Memory Reading Guide Due TUESDAY ◦ AP test sign-up deadline is Wednesday, March 11th Agenda – Monday, March 9th Memory: Learning that has persisted over time – information that has been stored and, in many cases, can be recalled ◦ What is it called when memories CANNOT be recalled? Memory Encoding Storage Retrieval Levels of Processing Model Encoding Storage Retrieval Levels of Processing Model “Saving” information in your brain Types of encoding ◦ Effortful Processing: When you TRY to remember something ◦ Automatic Processing: Happens without choice Encoding Use your scrap piece of paper to record as many numbers as you can remember! Serial Position Effect: The tendency to remember the first and last items on a list Spacing Effect: If we reviewed these numbers everyday for three months, you would know them better than if we just practiced them today Encoding One-at-a-time, 15 words will appear on the screen in front of you. As you see each word, count the number of vowels and the number of consonants in each word. For example, the word Fishing has two vowels and five consonants. Thus, you would record v = 2, c = 5 (vowels = 2, consonants = 5). Record your answers below. Do not record the actual word, simply the NUMBERS. Group #1 One-at-a-time, 15 words will appear on the screen in front of you. As you see each word, pronounce it to yourself, and determine how difficult the word is to pronounce (use your best judgment). Rate the difficulty of pronunciation for each word on a 7-point scale (1 = very simple to pronounce, 4 = moderate pronunciation, 7 = extremely difficult to pronounce). Record your answers (a number 1 – 7) in the spaces provided below. Do not record the actual word, simply the NUMBER. Group #2 One-at-a-time, 15 words will appear on the screen in front of you. As you see each word, think about how useful this item would be to you if you were stranded on a desert island in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. Rate each item’s usefulness on a 7-point scale (1 = not at all useful, 4 = somewhat useful, 7 = extremely useful/life saving). Mark your answers (a number 1 – 7) in the spaces provided below. Do not record the actual word, simply the NUMBER. Group #3 READY?? Volleyball Word 1 Tomato Word 2 Diary Word 3 Machete Word 4 Tuxedo Word 5 Mayonnaise Word 6 Tent Word 7 Bicycle Word 8 Opossum Word 9 Lighter Word 10 Stapler Word 11 Hat Word 12 Syringe Word 13 Belt Word 14 Headphones Word 15 Jot down as many words as you can remember! All Groups!! Headphones Tuxedo Tomato Belt Syringe Hat Stapler Diary Lighter Opposum Bicycle Machete Tent Mayonnaise Volleyball How many did you get? One-at-a-time, 15 words will appear on the screen in front of you. As you see each word, count the number of vowels and the number of consonants in each word. For example, the word Fishing has two vowels and five consonants. Thus, you would record v = 2, c = 5 (vowels = 2, consonants = 5). Record your answers below. Do not record the actual word, simply the NUMBERS. Group #1 One-at-a-time, 15 words will appear on the screen in front of you. As you see each word, pronounce it to yourself, and determine how difficult the word is to pronounce (use your best judgment). Rate the difficulty of pronunciation for each word on a 7-point scale (1 = very simple to pronounce, 4 = moderate pronunciation, 7 = extremely difficult to pronounce). Record your answers (a number 1 – 7) in the spaces provided below. Do not record the actual word, simply the NUMBER. Group #2 One-at-a-time, 15 words will appear on the screen in front of you. As you see each word, think about how useful this item would be to you if you were stranded on a desert island in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. Rate each item’s usefulness on a 7-point scale (1 = not at all useful, 4 = somewhat useful, 7 = extremely useful/life saving). Mark your answers (a number 1 – 7) in the spaces provided below. Do not record the actual word, simply the NUMBER. Group #3 Visual: Processing by appearance ◦ 12.5% later recognized a word Acoustic: Processing by sound ◦ 59% later recognized a word Semantic: Processing something by its meaning ◦ 88% later recognized a word Ways to Encode Memory reading quiz Continue memory notes Homework: ◦ Reading Quiz THURSDAY ◦ AP Test sign-up deadline WEDNESDAY Agenda – Tuesday, March 10th Encoding Storage Retrieval Levels of Processing Model Many memories stored in the cerebral cortex Long-Term Potentiation ◦ Thinking about memories strengthens these neural connections ◦ Memories not frequently accessed will disappear…or do they? What is your childhood phone number? Storage Implicit/Nondeclarative Memory: Storage for info we don’t purposely remember ◦ Procedural information ◦ No active thinking ◦ Processed in the cerebellum ◦ “Every red pepper is tantalizing” Storage Explicit/Declarative Memory: Storage for info we work to remember ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Personal experiences General information and facts Studying for a test Processed in hippocampus Episodic: Personal events Semantic: Facts and figures Storage Explicit Memory: Storage for information we work to remember ◦ Studying for an AP Psych exam and WORKING to remember information stored in explicit memory Implicit Memory: Storage for information that we don’t purposely remember ◦ Proce ◦ “Every red pepper is tantalizing” ◦ Procedural memories, riding a bike Storage Encoding Storage Retrieval Levels of Processing Model Bringing information from long-term memory back to short-term memory ◦ Recall: Retrieving without a cue ◦ Recognition: Retrieving with the use of a retrieval cue Known as the “serial position effect” <------ Retrieval To backtrack…this is also known as encoding failure! Retrieval or Recognition? Hermann Ebbinghaus ◦ Used nonsense syllables to determine what our forgetting curve looks like ◦ We forget info that is meaningless to us very quickly, and then the curve levels off Yellow Sheet