Transcript Standard 1.1.2

The student actively engages in investigations,
including developing questions, gathering and
analyzing data, and designing and conducting
research.
Practice Item
Carla measured the fuel efficiency of three grades
of gasoline with different octane ratings and recorded
her results in the table.
Which conclusion is
supported by Carla's data?
A)
C)
Cars are more fuel
Cars that use gasoline
efficient when traveling
with a lower octane
at higher rates of speed. rating will run for a longer
period of time.
B)
A car running on high
octane gasoline travels
faster than when running
on low-octane gasoline.
D)
A car is more fuel efficient
when it runs on
high-octane gasoline
than when it runs on low
octane gasoline.
Practice Item
This chart shows how one family spends their income.
What portion of their income is spent on food, rent, and
other bills?
Practice Item
Practice Item
The two graphs show motion, which is a change in position
over time. Which graph shows the greatest change in
position?
Which graph shows the most time having passed?
Which graph shows the greatest speed?
The student actively engages in using technological
tools and mathematics in their own scientific
investigations.
Practice Item
Which instrument would be best to use to
measure 212 milliliters of a liquid?
A) beaker
B) test tube
C) Erlenmeyer flask
D) graduated cylinder
Practice Item
An object is lifted to the top of a bookcase.
Which instrument would be best used to
measure the force required to lift the object?
A) A stopwatch
B) A meter stick
C) A spring scale
D) A pressure gauge
The student understands that atoms, the
fundamental organizational unit of matter, are
composed of subatomic particles. Chemists are
primarily interested in the protons, electrons,
and neutrons found in an atom.
Practice Item
A neutral atom of gold (Au) has a mass
number of 197 and has 118 neutrons. How
many electrons does this gold atom have?
A) 79 electrons
B) 118 electrons
C) 197 electrons
D) 315 electrons
Practice Item
A neutral atom of potassium (K) has a mass
number of 39. It has 19 protons. How
many neutrons does this K atom have?
A) 58 neutrons
B) 19 neutrons
C) 39 electrons
D) 20 electrons
Practice Item
This Bohr model
indicates that this is
an atom of:
A) Bromine
B) Rhenium
C) Zinc
D) Boron
Practice Item
In this model, the
atomic mass would
be:
A) 30
B) 35
C) 67
D) 65
Practice Item
In this model, the
number of valence
electrons is:
A) 30
B) 2
C) 8
D) 35
Practice Item
In this model, the
total number of
electrons is:
A) 30
B) 2
C) 8
D) 35
Practice Item
Scientists use the electron
cloud model to describe
atomic structure.
According to this model,
which feature of an atom
is described by probabilities?
A) charge of electrons
B) mass of an electron
C) number of electrons
D) location of electron
The student understands chemists use kinetic and
potential energy to explain the physical and chemical
properties of matter on Earth that may exist in any of
these three states: solids, liquids, and gases.
Practice Item
Of these states of matter, the state of matter
with the most energy is
A) solid
B) liquid
C) gas
D) plasma
Practice Item
Ice floats on water because
A) ice is less dense than water
B) water is less dense than ice
C) ice has undergone a chemical change
D) water takes up more room than ice
Practice Item
In order to cause a substance to undergo a
phase change, what must happen?
A) Energy must be added or taken away.
B) A chemical change must take place.
C) Cold must be added or taken away.
D) Nothing has to happen.
Practice Item
What type of energy is stored in chemical
bonds?
A) kinetic
B) nuclear
C) potential
D) gravitational
Practice Item
What causes water to “bead up” on surfaces?
A) Water is nonpolar causing the molecules to
cling together.
B) Water is ionic, meaning it is made of
charged particles.
C) Water is magnetic, attracting other water
molecules with magnetism.
D) Water is polar because it does not share
electrons evenly.
The student understands the periodic table lists
elements according to increasing atomic number. This
table organizes physical and chemical trends by
groups, periods, and sub-categories.
Practice Item
Which trend is observed when moving from left to right
in the second row of the periodic table, beginning with
lithium (Li) and ending with neon (Ne)?
A) The atomic mass increases by one with each element.
B) The number of energy levels increases by one with each
element.
C) The atomic radius increases by one with each element.
D) The number of electrons in the outer shell increases by
one with each element.
Practice Item
Some elements have two electrons in their
outermost electron energy level. Which
describes the most likely location of these
elements on the periodic table?
A) second column from the left
B) second row from the top
C) second column from the right
D) second row from the bottom row
Practice Item
Which element will most likely act as a cation in
an ionic bond?
A) argon (Ar)
B) oxygen (O)
C) calcium (Ca)
D) bromine (Br)
• The student understands chemical bonds result
when valence electrons are transferred or shared
between atoms.
• Breaking a chemical bond requires energy.
• Formation of a chemical bond releases energy.
• Ionic compounds result from atoms transferring
electrons (NaCl).
• Molecular compounds result from atoms
sharing electrons (H2O).
Practice Item
Salt, NaCl, is held together by what type of
chemical bond?
A) Ionic, metal and nonmetal
B) Covalent, two metals
C) Covalent, two nonmetals
D) Ionic, two nonmetals
Practice Item
Why is it harder to melt salt (NaCl) than sugar
(C6H12O6)?
A) Ionic bonds are harder to break because
they are not sharing electrons.
B) Ionic bonds are harder to break because
they are sharing electrons.
C) Salt is not harder to melt.
D) Covalent bonds are harder to break because
they are sharing electrons.
Practice Item
Based on its position on the periodic table,
which element is most likely to form a
negatively charged ion?
A) gold (Au)
B) neon (Ne)
C) barium (Ba)
D) chlorine (Cl)
•The student understands a chemical reaction
occurs when one or more substances
(reactants) react to form a different chemical
substance(s) (products).
•There are different types of chemical reactions,
all of which demonstrate the Law of
Conservation of Matter and Energy.
Practice Item
The chemical equation below shows the decomposition
of sodium nitrate (NaNO3) into
sodium nitrite (NaNO2) and oxygen gas (O2).
One mole of O2 has a mass of 32 g. If 1.0 mole of NaNO3
decomposes completely, how
many grams of O2 are produced?
A) 0.5 g
B) 1.0 g
C) 16.0 g
D) 32.0 g
The student understands Newton’s Laws and
variables of time, position, velocity, and
acceleration can be used to describe the
position and motion of particles.
Practice Item
 An object is pushed with a force and begins to move
across a frictionless surface.
 Which best describes the object's motion after the
force stops acting?
 A) constant velocity
 B) increasing velocity
 C) variable acceleration
 D) decreasing acceleration
• The student understands the first law of
thermodynamics states the total internal
energy of a substance (the sum of all the kinetic
and potential energies of its constituent
molecules) will change only if heat is
exchanged with the environment or work is
done on or by the substance.
• In any physical interaction, the total energy in
the universe is conserved.
Practice Item
The diagram below shows a pendulum
at two different positions in its path.
The pendulum started from rest in
position 1.
Which best describes the energy
change as the pendulum moves from
position 1 to position 2?
A) The total energy is decreasing.
B) The kinetic energy is increasing.
C) The thermal energy is decreasing.
D) The potential energy is increasing.
The student understands waves have energy
and can transfer energy when they interact
with matter.
Practice Item
Which lists the colors of visible light in order from
shortest wavelength to longest wavelength?
A) blue, green, red, yellow
B) red, yellow, green, blue
C)blue, green, yellow, red
D) yellow, red, green, blue
Watch These to Learn About
Light:
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cJXFRP3uaEU
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WNwJOg1sVQg&f
eature=related
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QFwy_7PFL88&fe
ature=related
Watch These to Learn About
Color:
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=msf-DbYif-
4&feature=related
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=msf-DbYif4&feature=related
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SbjuvmeMh8&feature=related
Watch These to Learn About
WAVES:
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LCNJH5XsQ68&fe
ature=related
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7gSLAxDHhEk&fe
ature=related
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rJtzz4lZxig&featur
e=related
The Doppler Effect of Sound (and,
Duh, Light) Waves
 Watch this: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-
t63xYSgmKE
 And this:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Man9ulEYSgk&fea
ture=related
 And this:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VCzhXzF0yec&fea
ture=related
 And this:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4mUjM1qMaa8&fe
ature=related
The student understands electromagnetic
waves result when a charged particle is
accelerated or decelerated.
Practice Item
Stars emit wave energy as electromagnetic radiation.
Which statement best explains the origin of these
waves?
A) Accelerated electrons give off energy of various
wavelengths.
B) Electrons that maintain constant kinetic energy
give off waves with constant wavelengths.
C) Accelerated neutrons give off energy at constant
wavelengths.
D) Neutrons that maintain maximum kinetic energy
give off waves with maximum wavelengths.
The student understands the theory of Plate
Tectonics explains that internal energy drives
the earth’s ever-changing structure.
Early Earth and Plate Tectonics
 Watch this:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDqskltCixA&feat
ure=PlayList&p=877A885270E4BD0F&index=0&playn
ext=1
 Show convection currents (tube or aquarium)
Practice Item
Each type of tectonic plate movement causes characteristic
land forms. Which type of plate movement can form a rift
valley?
A) collision of two tectonic plates
B) divergence of two tectonic plates
C) two plates slipping past each other
D) subduction of one plate under another
The student understands the relationship
between the earth, moon, and sun explains the
seasons, tides, and moon phases.
What Causes Seasons?
 Bill Nye:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YUrxRhQYdO4
Practice Item
Which contributes most to cooler winter
temperatures in the northern hemisphere?
A) Earth is at its greatest distance from the sun.
B) Incoming solar radiation is spread over a
larger surface area.
C) The northern hemisphere is tilted toward the
sun.
D) More solar radiation is reflected by Earth's
upper atmosphere.
The student understands stellar evolution.
Hertzprung-Russell Diagram of
Stellar Evolution
 http://aspire.cosmic-
ray.org/labs/star_life/hr_interactive.html
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z4l6jqKL5Qo
Practice Item
Which stellar object has the greatest density?
A) red giant
B) supernova
C) white dwarf
D) neutron star
The student understands technology is the
application of scientific knowledge for
functional purposes.
Practice Item
All of the following technological advances
resulted from discoveries in the field of
biology except
A) vaccines.
B) antibiotics.
C) x-ray imaging.
D) genetic sequencing.