Transcript Chapter 8: Sensation and Perception

Unit 7-A (B):
Encoding:
Getting Information In
Mr. McCormick
A.P. Psychology
Do-Now
(Discussion)
 What
are the 3 processes of
memory?
 What
 What
are the 3 stages of memory?
was criticized about the
Atkinson-Shiffrin Three-Stage
Model of Memory?
How We Encode:
Automatic Vs. Effortful Processing

Automatic Processing:
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Unconscious encoding of
incidental information, such as
space, time, and frequency, and
of well-learned information,
such as word meanings
Effortful Processing:

Encoding that requires attention
and conscious information
How We Encode:
Automatic Vs. Effortful Processing
 What
are some things
that you might encode through
automatic processing?
 What
are some things
that you might encode through
effortful processing?
How We Encode:
Automatic Vs. Effortful Processing
Without
writing it down,
how could you
attempt to remember a
new phone number?
Rehearsal

Rehearsal:
The conscious repetition
of information, either to
maintain it in
consciousness or to
encode it for storage
 Hermann Ebbinghaus:


Rehearsal using nonsense syllables
Rehearsal
The more times the
nonsense syllables were
practiced on Day 1,
the fewer repetitions were
required to remember
them on Day 2.
Spacing Effect

Spacing Effect:

The tendency for distributed study or practice to
yield better long-term retention than is achieved
through massed study or practice
Serial Position Effect

Serial Position Effect:

Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in
a list
Serial Position Effect
 How
could you apply
the principles of the
Spacing Effect and
Serial Position Effect
to your own study habits?
Types of Encoding

Visual Encoding:
The encoding of picture images
 Imagery
 Mnemonic devices


Acoustic Encoding:


The encoding of sound, especially the sound of
words
Semantic Encoding:

The encoding of meaning, including the meaning of
words
Chunking

Chunking:

Organizing items into familiar, manageable units;
often occurs automatically
Organizing Information
for Encoding
Review

Differentiate between the following ways in which we
encode information:

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Automatic Processing
Effortful Processing
Rehearsal
Spacing Effect
Serial Position Effect
Visual Encoding
Acoustic Encoding
Semantic Encoding
Chunking
Homework

Unit 7 Key People

Unit 7 FRQ

Research Study Response # 16: “Thanks for the
Memories!” (Pgs. 117-125)

Chapter 9 Outline: “Thinking, Problem-Solving,
Creativity, and Language”