Transcript Models of memory

Working Memory Model - Quiz

Prep Work Check: Please have
your completed WMM diagrams
available for checking.

Starter: Complete the WMM Quiz
while we wait for the second bell.
How many will you score out of
7…
What component is missing
from this diagram?
Episodic
Buffer
What do each of
these components
do?
Central Executive

The boss of the WMM;

It controls attention and directs
information to the slave systems.

It has a limited capacity.
Phonological
Loop

Articulatory Control Process



(Inner Voice)
Allows sub vocal repetition of items in
the phonological store .
Phonological Store (Inner Ear)


Stores acoustic items (speech based
sounds) for short periods of time.
It has a limited capacity.
Visuo-Spatial
Scratch Pad

The ‘Inner Eye’ of the WMM;

Stores visual
information;

Manipulates mental images;

It has a limited capacity.
and
spatial
Episodic Buffer
Episodic
Buffer

It integrates (binds together)
information from the LTM
and other components.
Evaluation of the Working
Memory Model


Strengths:

Dual Task Studies

Patient KF
Weakness:

The Central Executive

Only STM?
Dual Task Studies

Dual-task studies – This is where participants have to perform 2
different tasks at the same time.
Robinson et al. (2014)

You will now complete two short tasks. The tasks need to be
completed in silence.

You will have one minute to work on both tasks at the same time…
Informed Consent: Raise your hands if I have your consent.
Right to Withdraw: You do have the right to withdraw.
Task 1

Try to memorise the following number: 6839520148, while drawing a
picture of a monkey having a shower…(incase you don’t know what
that looks like…)
You have one
minute.
Task 1 - Recall

Now recall the 10 digits, in the correct order…
6839520148
Task 2

Try to memorise the following number: 7624851307, while writing the
alphabet backwards…Z, Y, X…etc
You have one minute.
Task 2 - Recall

Now recall the 10 digits, in the correct order…
7624851307
The Results…
Group
Task 1 (Visual)
No. of students to correctly
recall 10 digit number.
Task 2 (Auditory)
No. of students to correctly
recall 10 digit number.
LPSY1
LPSY4
LPSY5
LPSY7
LPSY8
Question: What do
these results tell us
about memory and the
WMM?
Dual task studies

This is where participants perform two tasks at the same time;

If both tasks used the same component (phonological loop) then
performance will be poor, where if both tasks uses a different
component (phonological loop & visuo-spatial sketchpad) then
performance will be improved.
Question (Write the answers in your blue books):
Explain how dual task studies can be used to support the WMM?
Patient KF…Again
 Patient KF suffered brain injuries following
a motorcycle accident.
 He could recall stored info so his LTM was
intact;
 But his STM was affected, he had problems
remembering sounds but he was able to
remember images and faces.
Question (Write the answers in your blue books):
According to the WMM which store was damaged and which store was intact?
How does KF support the WWM?
Weaknesses of the WMM

Although the Central Executive is the most important component, the
least is known about it.

The capacity of the Central Executive has never been measured.
Furthermore, it isn’t clear how it works or what is does and this
vagueness means it can be used to explain any experimental results.

Difficult to falsify the model as you can use the Central Executive to
explain any result.
Falsify: Being able to show that a
theory is wrong (false).
Strengths or Weaknesses

Task: Divide the following
information into strengths and
weaknesses…

Either colour the boxes (i.e. green
for
strengths,
red
for
weaknesses) or cut and stick the
boxes in your exercise books,
under the headings of strengths
and weaknesses.
Extremely influential model and most psychologists use
WM only concerns itself with STM and is not a
it in preference to the Multi-Store Model.
comprehensive model of memory.
Research support comes from dual-task studies, It is a much more plausible model than the MSM
although such studies are rather artificial. However, because it explains STM in terms of both temporary
patients like KF could remember visual but not verbal storage and active processing.
stimuli in STM so must be at least two systems in STM.
Although the Central Executive is the most important
component, the least is known about it. The capacity of
the Central Executive has never been measured.
Furthermore, it isn’t clear how it works or what is does
and this vagueness means it can be used to explain any
experimental results.
Physiological evidence exists using studies involving
brain scans. PET scans have shown that different areas
of the brain are used while undertaking verbal and visual
tasks. These areas may correspond to components of
WM.
WM is supported by Case Studies, such as Patient KF
who could remember visual information but not verbal
information, suggesting there must be at least two
systems in STM.
Homework

Complete an essay outline, using the sheet
provided for the question: ‘Outline and
evaluate the working memory model’ (12
marks).

You will NOT be required to write this
essay…yet, however it is important you
understand the structure and function of
the WMM as well as 4 evaluation points, 2
strengths and 2 weaknesses.
N313 - WHITEBOARD - LPSY1
TEACHERS DESK
LPSY1 – New Seating Plan
Tashauna
Collins
Esther
Jasmine
Prep Work
Check…
You have until the 2nd bell
to ‘revise’ the essay
question below. Then you
will have 15 minutes to
write your essay.
Tomas
Tori
Desola
Michellle
Shamika
Obi
Shafiat
Tade
Philippa
Tyeisha
Chioma
Christiana
Aisha
Carlesha
Tamera
Sheyi
Louise
N313 - WHITEBOARD - LPSY8
TEACHERS DESK
Patrick
Crissania
Nicole
Matthew
Candice
Nelson
Jakkrit
Patrice
Marcel
Angel
Tina
Megan
Chloe
Emmanuel
D'Arcy
Aisha
Jason
Aleksandra
Ayo
Sharhia
Lauren
Baduwah
LPSY8 – New Seating Plan
Prep Work
Check…
You have until the 2nd bell
to ‘revise’ the essay
question below. Then you
will have 15 minutes to
write your essay.
N313 - WHITEBOARD - LPSY4
TEACHERS DESK
Justine
Sasha
Tina
Xanthe
Nyshara
Shamika
Jada
Kai
Christianah
Kharice
Azeezat
Daniela
Ajoke
Criscelia
Kienna
Emily
Folade
Ayo
Perihan
LPSY4 – New Seating Plan
Prep Work
Check…
You have until the 2nd bell
to ‘revise’ the essay
question below. Then you
will have 15 minutes to
write your essay.
N313 - WHITEBOARD - LPSY7
TEACHERS DESK
Anne-Marie
Charlotte
Pheonix
Ganiat
Tanisha
Patrick
Phuong
Alpha
Jade
Anthony
Shantel
Priscilla
Jamiliah
Lilith
Chanelle
Elouise
Alvin
LPSY7 – New Seating Plan
Jordan
Prep Work
Check…
You have until the 2nd bell
to ‘revise’ the essay
question below. Then you
will have 15 minutes to
write your essay.