False Memory in Images and Words - John H. Krantz
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Transcript False Memory in Images and Words - John H. Krantz
By Kelly Bauer, Lindsay Marsh, and Jackie Martin
What are false memories?
False memories occur when a person believes they saw
something that was never presented to them.
Types of distracters- normal versus special
Schemas contribute to false memories
Prototype study with images of faces(Solso and
McCarthy, 1981)
Hypothesis
We expected participants would have more false
memories when recalling words than when recalling
images.
Participants will select more special distracters in the
word condition than the image condition.
Method
Participants
20 participants from Hanover College
12 Females and 8 Males
Ethnicity
19 Caucasians
1 African American
Age Range
19-22
Method
Equipment and Stimuli
Gateway computers in the Psychology laboratory
False Memory program written in Java (Krantz, 2010)
11 Images and words in each of 6 trials
Special distracter and normal distracters in each set
Method
Procedure
Informed Consent
Demographic Questionnaire
We alternated the order that they completed the
conditions
Debriefed and dismissed
Results
We ran 2 x 3 ANOVA with repeated measures
Main effect for stimulus type, p < .05
Main effect for distracters (normal and special)versus items
in the sequence, p < .001
Significant interaction, p < .001
Post Hoc t-test with Bonferroni Correction
Results
1
0.9
Mean Recognition
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
Images
Words
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
-0.1
On List
Normal Distractors Special Distractors
Discussion
We expected that participants would have more false
memories with words than images.
Our hypothesis was supported
Schemas developed for both words and images– fell for
special distracters in both
Images -less special distracters in recall because visual
cues help memory
Future Directions
Limitations
Some participants complained about the small size of the
images in the recall stage.
With images, we only studied objects, not other forms of
images.
Future study
Make images larger in recall portion
Study other images, such as faces, to see the difference in
false memories
Questions?