Transcript temporal lobe

Cortical Structure and
Function
FRONTAL LOBE
Anatomy of the Frontal Lobes
Functions of the Frontal Lobe
• Execution of motor movements (primary
motor cortex)
• Selection of motor movements (premotor
cortex)
• Executive Functions: planning, task
persistence, ignoring distracting stimuli,
working memory (prefrontal cortex)
Functions of the Motor and
Premotor Cortex
• Motor:
– Executes motor movements
• Premotor:
– Selects movements to be executed
– Chooses motor behavior in response to
external cues (e.g. mom calls name) or
internal cues (e.g. hungry) NOTE: internal
more tied to supplementary premotor
– Activates when cues become associated with
movement (e.g. red light)
Motor System
Motor System
Functions of the Prefrontal Cortex
• Controls cognitive processes so that appropriate
movements are selected at the correct time
• Executive Functioning: planning, task persistence,
ignoring distracting stimuli, working memory, etc.
• Self knowledge
Asymmetry of the Frontal Lobes
• Left
– Language
– Encoding memories
• Right
– Nonverbal movements, facial expression
– Retrieving memories
Symptoms of Frontal Lobe Lesions
Visual Search
www.gocognitive.net/demo/visual-search
The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test
http://ertslab.com/web/portfolio/card-sorting-test/
The Stroop Test
http://ertslab.com/web/portfolio/colornaming-task-stroop/gallery/library/
Other tasks
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Verbal fluency (DKEFS)
Design fluency (DKEFS)
Tower task (DKEFS)
Spatial working memory (WRAML)
TEMPORAL LOBE
Rey Complex Figure
• Instructions: “I’m going to show a card on which
there is a design that I’d like you to copy on this
paper. Please copy as carefully as you can.”
• Max of 5 minutes; Min of 2.5 minutes.
• Tell to hurry up or to check for errors to make
sure falls within this window.
• Record total time to complete.
• 3 minute and 30 minute delays (we’ll do 30
minute delay)
Rey Complex Figure
Anatomy of the Temporal Lobe
Temporal Lobe Function
• Processing auditory input
– sends ventral and dorsal streams (object
identification and for movement planning)
• Visual object recognition
– Ventral visual stream
• Biological motion perception
– Superior Temporal Sulcus
• Long-term storage of information
– Memory (limbic system, hippocampus)
Temporal Lobe Function
• Sensory Processes
– Identification and Categorization of Stimuli
– Cross-Modal Matching
• Process of matching visual and auditory
information
• Affective Responses
– Emotional response is associated with a
particular stimulus
• Spatial Navigation
– Hippocampus – Spatial Memory
Faces
Special face
processing
pathway
Thatcher Illusion
Thatcher Illusion
Which picture most looks like
Ben?
Auditory Processing in the
Temporal Lobe
• Speech perception
• Music Perception
• Left role in temporal grouping for rhythm,
whereas right role in meter
• Right lobe special function in extracting
pitch from sound (both speech or music)
• Prosody - “tone of voice” or pitch in speech
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Asymmetry of Temporal Lobe
Function
• Left temporal lobe
– Verbal memory
– Speech processing
• Right temporal lobe
– Nonverbal memory
– Musical processing
– Facial processing
Primary auditory cortex
• Visual cortex (BA 17/18) or
somatosensory cortex (BA 1/2/3) lead to
loss of conscious sensation.
• Not so with Auditory cortex (BA 41/42/22),
result is auditory hallucinations.
Symptoms of Temporal-Lobe Lesions
Rey Complex Figure
• “Do you remember the design I had you
copy a while ago? Now I would like you to
draw the figure from memory as carefully
as you can on this sheet of paper. If you
make a mistake do not erase, just correct
whatever you think is wrong.”
• Don’t cheat!
Dichotic listening task
• “You are going to hear some words that will
come into both ears at the same time. I want
you to repeat all the words that you here. You
will hear 3 sets of words and when I stop the
tape, you must start repeating the words
immediately, as many as you can remember.”
• Headphone and taped stimuli administration
• http://www.linguistics.ucla.edu/people/schuh/l
x001/Dichotic/dichotic.html
California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT)
• Shopping List format tests:
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Total recall and recognition
Semantic and serial learning strategies
Serial position effects
Learning rate across trials
Recall consistency
Vulnerability to interference
Retention over short and long periods
Enhancement by category cueing and recognition
Perseverations and intrusions
False positives in recognition
• Immediate and Delayed (20 minute) recall
CVLT
CVLT
Rey Complex Figure
Rey
Complex
Figure
Actual Ben
Actual Phil