Transcript Document
Introduction to Psychology Suzy Scherf Lecture 5: How Do We Act? Brain and Behavior Looking at Brains and Measuring Brain Activity MRI - Structural and Functional Measures of Brain MRI - Structural and Functional Measures of Brain MRI - Structural and Functional Measures of Brain • Starting to be used to look at brain development! • 7-yr-old doing a memory task Positron Emission TomographyFunctional Brain Activity Positron Emission TomographyFunctional Brain Activity PET-Functional Brain Activity Electroencephalogram Records Temporal Activity of the Brain Recording Event-Related Potentials from Infants 19-month-old 7-month-old Diseased Brains - Brain Tumor Structural Damage shown w/MRI Functional Damage shown w/PET MRI Showing Fatal Stroke Spread of Blood Wernikie’s Aphasia Broca’s Aphasia Organizing Principles in the Brain Front of the Brain Back of the Brain Organizing Principles in the Brain 1. Different areas have different functions. 2. Despite the specialization, no brain area performs only one function. 3. The brain represents the world in maps. 4. All incoming sensory information goes through a switchboard first. Most Recently Evolved Part of Human Brain - Cerebral Cortex Gyri Sulcus Different areas have different functions. Lateral Surface of the Brain Occipital Lobe Functions: Occipital Lobe Dysfunctions: Temporal Lobe Functions: Temporal Lobe Dysfunctions: Medial Temporal Lobe Hippocampus and Memory Frontal Lobe Hippocampus Temporal Lobe ACh Pathways involved in Alzheimer’s Disease Also find general atrophy of cortical tissue Memory Structure Ventral Temporal Lobe Object Identification Fusiform Gyrus • Prosopagnosia - • Visual Agnosia - • (“A convoluted red form with a linear green attachment.”) Parietal Lobe Functions: Parietal Lobe Dysfunctions: Parietal Lesions – Contralateral Neglect Series of self-portraits by German artist Anton Raderscheidt over 8-months period of time Frontal Cortex Functions: Frontal Cortex Dysfunctions: OrbitoFrontal Cortex Functions: OrbitoFrontal Cortex Dysfunctions: OrbitoFrontal Cortex The Story of Phineas Gage OrbitoFrontal Cortex: Drugs and Reward Non-user Cocaine Addict No Dose Cocaine Dose Motor Strip - Sends Outgoing Motor Commands Somatosensory Strip – Receives Incoming Sensory Info These Areas are Organized with Maps The Brain Represents the World in Maps. Motor Homunculus Somatosensory Homunculus Artist’s Rendering of the Homunculus Medial Cut through Human Brain There’s More than Meets the Eye! Corpus Callosum – Connects two Hemispheres The Limbic System: Managing Emotions Cingulate Cortex Amygdala Hippocampus Evolutionarily Older Parts of the Brain Controlling Homeostasis Midbrain Pons Medulla Hindbrain Sensory Relay Station – the Thalamus Thalamus Managing Motivations/Drives – the Hypothalamus Hypothalamus Ventricles of the Human Brain – Contain Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF) Ventricles of the Human Brain – Contain Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF) Hydroencepahlus – Swelling of the Ventricles Anatomy of a Neuron Incoming Message Outgoing Message Action Potential of a Neuron – Sending the Message via ElectricalChemical Signals Synapses – Communication between Neurons Synapses – Communication between Neurons Understanding the Functional Organization of the Brain Approach: Reverse engineering the brain – Understanding the Functional Organization of the Brain Approach: Reverse engineering the brain – Understanding the Functional Organization of the Brain Approach: Reverse engineering the brain –