Transcript Eighth Grade

Eighth Grade
Test
A group of cells that work together form a ____ ?
Hint: From Levels of Organization in the
Human Body
TISSUE
1
meridianlifestyle.blogspot.com/2008/05/human-body htm
The basic
units of
structure &
function in
the human
body are
_______?
3 CELLS
https://genographic.nationalgeographic.com/science-behind/genetics-overview
The systems that deliver oxygen and remove carbon dioxide to
and from cells in our bodies are the ____ & ___?
Circulatory
&
Respiratory
Systems
2
http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lecturesf04am/lect20.ht
This structure directs the activities in a cell.
notesforpakistan.blogspot.com/2010/10/structure-and-function-of-nucleus-in.htm
4
These carry
messages
between the
brain and
the rest of
the body.
http://www.pennmedicine.org/health_info/body_guide/reftext/html/nerv_sys_fin.htm
5 nerves
Which organ systems help fight disease ?
•immune &
circulatory
systems
6
http://creationwiki.org/Lymphatic_syste
A group of similar organisms that can mate with
each other and produce fertile offspring are called
a what ?
7
species
http://journals.worldnomads.com/mattwilkins/photo/43014/972415/SouthAfrica/A-trio-of-elephants-3-generations-Taken-in-the-Garden-RouteSA#axzz2kT2nTcuA
A few organisms got
to the Galapagos
Islands from the
mainland. This was
observed by what
scientist?
←
At time of Beagle
voyage
http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com
/2010/02/04/charles_drawn_origins_revea
led_by_dna_tests/
8
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_vi
ews_of Charles Darwin
Charles Darwin
Similar structures that related species
have inherited are called what ?
http://ircamera.as.arizona.edu/NatSci102/NatSci/images/convergent.htm
9
●
homologous structures
(homo means same)
Two organisms that look similar as an early
embryo are probably … ?
10
http://www.tutorvista.com/content/biology/biology-iii/organic-evolution/evidences-evolution.php
… evolved from a common ancestor
What characteristic of finches showed that they
adapted to the foods they ate ?
http://ncam.wgbh.org/experience_learn/educational_media/stemdx/exi
11
their
beaks
What does a plant (autotroph) produce in
photosynthesis?
sugar (glucose)
&
oxygen (O2)
http://www.giglig.com/family/education/what-is-photosynthes
12
WHAT IS
PHOTOSYNTHESIS?
http://www.giglig.com/family/education/what-is-photosynthes
13
The plant cell
uses energy
from sunlight
to make food
(sugar).
• MOST BIOTIC
(LIVING) THINGS
NEED THIS
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
PRODUCT TO
SURVIVE.
14
http://godish.com/channels/english/oxygen.as
Heterotrophs (animals) benefit from
photosynthesis because . . . ?
...
they
get
food
from
the
plants.
15
http://www.sheknows.com/home-and-gardening/articles /create-a-pest free garden
Respiration is ????
• glucose being
broken down
to release
energy
• opposite of
photosynthesis
16
http://newunderthesunblog.wordpress.com/photosynthesis-and-respiration
Simply explain the relationship between
photosynthesis and respiration.
•
•
•
•
OpPoSiTe Equations!!!
Respiration is the opposite equation of photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis uses energy to produce glucose.
Respiration uses glucose to release energy.
photosynthesis
→
←
energy in
6CO2 + 6H2O
17
C6H12O6 + 6O2
energy out
respiration
Problem
Answer
• Two liquids - very similar.
• How may we tell them
apart in the laboratory?
http://science.taskermilward.org.uk/mod1/KS3%20Cover/Cover%206.ht
18
• Try heating them up and
observing when they boil.
Problem:
Answer:
• Sometimes we need to
study not one but several
characteristics of a
substance. WHY?
• Can you give an
example?
• Some substances have
many characteristics in
common.
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/tqx9bpKygus/Tzjs4LJ_ykI
/AAAAAAAAnB0/I3iCIs
OCU6A/s1600/white%2B
powders.JPG
19
Example: powdered sugar,
flour, baking powder and
baking soda are all soft
white powders.
An object has this measurement due to the force
of gravity . . . . . .
20
W
E
I
G
H
T
The amount of matter that is in something is its
what ?
http://www.mathematicsdictionary.com/english/vmd/full/m/mass.ht
21
•mass
http://www.mrkscience.com/planbook/Physical%20Sci.%202010-11/March11.ht
22
• atom
• I am the
smallest
part of an
element
that is still
that
element.
Chemical Change
www.learner.com
rusty nail
←
→
fried egg
http://padillasjournals.edublo
gs.org/files/2011/05/FriedEg
g-220v87n.jp
http://www.ric.edu/faculty/ptiskus/chemical
fireworks
http://www.harpercollege.edu/tmps/chm/100/dgodambe/thedisk/chem
rxn/signs2.ht
http://colet.pbworks.com/w/page/Pancak
es%20(Chemical%20changes)
baked goods
23
color change
• These
examples
show new
substances
being
formed.
• What is
this type
of
change?
vinegar & baking soda reacting
Physical Change
• These examples
show a substance
changing its
form or state of
matter only.
• What is this type
of change?
24
http://www.learner.org/courses/essential
/physicalsci/session4/closer1.ht
http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/standard/chemistry/elementsandreactions
/chemical_reactions
ice melting
←
tearing paper
http://www.learner.org/courses/essential/physicalsci/session4/closer1.ht
When the distance between two objects is
changing, it is in . . .
•MOTION
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Newtows cradle
25
We use the METRIC system (SI) in science.
SI = Scientific International
• Which is a measure of
length in the metric or
SI system?
26
meter
http://www.dickblick.com/products/westcott-thru-aluminum-yardmeter-stick
Speed formula ????
http://www.racemath.info/motionandenergy/speed.ht
27
MOTION is graphed by
plotting distance and ?
28
http://www.mentorials.com/high-school-physics-rest-and-motion-speed-and-distance.htm
Time
How fast or slow something is moving.
• The steepness
of the slope in
a graph on
motion shows
what?
http://www.rotinrice.com/cheese-fondue/
29
http://www.vacationhomerentals.com/vacation-rentals/LakeArrowhead-California-vacation-rental-cabin-proID-.ht
Energy is measured in units called ?
• JOULES
http://en.wikipedia.orgi/Joule
30
What is energy of motion called?
• kinetic energy
http://astronomyonline.org/Science/KineticEnergy.as
31
http://physics.tutorcircle.com/energy/types-of-energy.ht
IF KINETIC ENERGY OF AN OBJECT INCREASES . . .
• Are mass and velocity proportional • Answer: Proportional or
positively correlated.
or indirectly proportional to that
energy?
• According to the formula,
as the energy increases so
If E = ½ mv2
do the mass and velocity.
the m and the v are also on the
top part of the equation like the
E, so they are positively correlated.
That means as one increases or
Try setting up
decreases, so does the other!
the formula
32
and
plugging in
some numbers.
Albert Einstein
Rub your hands together.
• What is the friction energy
called and what type of energy
is it being converted to?
• The rubbing is
mechanical energy
(movement) and is
converted to thermal
energy (heat).
33
http://www.mikecurtis.org.uk/ks2_friction.ht
Chemical potential energy of burning fossil fuels
converts to what kind of energy?
• Thermal
energy
http://www.greenribbonschools.org/activity-detail.php?id=1096&resId
34
Coal, a fossil fuel, stores ___________ energy.
• chemical potential energy
35
•
https://www.cdli.ca/courses/ep/predesign/t03/02knowledge-skills/act
Which illustration(s) show kinetic energy?
3
←
All of
them!
http://www.tutorvista.com/physics/examples-ofkinetic-energy
http://science.jrank.org/kids/pages/50/KINET
IC-VS-POTENTIAL-ENERGY.html
1 ↑
http://isci.greenwich.wikispaces.net/Farnum++Energy+Transformations
36
http://www.ehow.com/how_4517200_calculatekinetic-energy-joules.html
2↑
4↑
Kinetic energy is energy of motion,
potential energy is . . .
• stored
energy.
37
http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Potential_energy.as
http://daniellehunter.wordpress.com/2011/08/21/old-man-on-the-mount
Old Man in the Mountain
New Hampshire
http://gonewengland.about.com/
THE PHOTOGRAPH
ABOVE SHOWS IT
BEFORE FALLING!
height
• When
is part of
the potential energy
equation, what type of
energy are we observing?
38 • gravitational potential energy
What is the law of conservation of energy ?
•Energy can
neither be
created nor
destroyed!
39
http://www.kidsahead.com
Geologists can observe the Earth’s interior by . . . ?
40
http://web.ics.purdue.edu
• recording
and
analyzing
seismic
waves.
What was Wegener’s hypothesis about our continents?
http://www.tectonics.caltech.edu/outreach/animations/ani
m_pangaea/Resources/anim_pangaea.mov
41
The continents
were once a
single land mass
that drifted apart
called continental
drift.
Pangea
• What is the
name given
to our
continents
when they
were one
land mass?
42
http://geology.csupomona.edu/drjessey/class/Gsc101/Plate.html
Sonar
This was a
technology used
in the mid-1900’s
to map the midocean ridge.
43
http://www.divediscover.whoi.edu/tools/sonar-singlebeam.html
• When the sea-floor spreads,
molten material erupts (rises) from
what part of the mantle?
www.daviddarling.info
44 …along the mid-ocean ridge!
• How do we know
that rocks further
away from the
mid-ocean ridge
are older than
those near it?
45
• We determine the age
of the rocks that have
been drilled up in
those areas.
www.newark.osu.edu
subduction
Sub means below
•
46
www.zmescience.com
• What is the process called
where the ocean floor sinks
beneath a deep-ocean trench
and back into the mantle?
Old oceanic crust is more dense than new crust. Why?
It has cooled
down. Cooler
molecules are
closer together
and therefore
more dense.
47
forum.spore.com
• The movement
of Earth’s plates
… convection currents
are probably
in the asthenosphere.
caused by what?
48
nees.org
• plate tectonics.
The geological
theory that states
that pieces of the
Earth’s lithosphere
are in constant,
slow motion is the
theory of ___?
volcanoes.usgs.gov
49
What is the longest chain of mountains in the world?
www.scientificamerican.com
50
the mid-ocean ridge