Transcript 3-multiple-hazard

But how reliable are these statistics?
Reliability of Disaster
Statistics
Let’s have a look at two examples
Using the templates provided you are going to
research 1 example of mega-disasters from either:
2010 Eyjafjallajokull volcano
2011 Japanese Tohoku tsunami
You’re going to exchange notes with your partner
on the other 
Key Enquiry Question 3:
How successful is the management of tectonic hazards and disasters?
LO: To understand the concept of a multiple-hazard zone.
Which countries stand out as being the most hazard
prone in the world?.....
Any
ideas?
What trends can you spot?
Tropical
Cyclones
Earthquakes/
volcanoes
Hailstorms
Tornadoes
Background
• 2001 a project was started to begin to
identify disaster hotspots (at country level
but also within a country)
• These hotspots are known as multiple
hazard zones.
• The project assessed the risk of death and
damage
• This was estimated by combining the
exposure of six major natural hazards –
Earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides, floods,
drought and storms.
• Combined historical data with potential
vulnerability based on size, density and
poverty of the population.
Hotspots are likely to be were plate
boundaries intersect with major
storm belts in areas of high human
concentration in low or medium
developed countries
Tectonic
Hydro- metrological
Vulnerability
Guess Who?
• Experiences more natural disasters than any
other country
• 40% of population live below the poverty line
• Has an average of 10 typhoons per year
• Is located on the ‘Ring of Fire’
• Is made up of 7,107 islands – only 2773 have
names!
• The national language is the Tagalog
• The volcano Mt Pinatubo can be found
• Has the capital Manila
Guess Who?
• Has over 1500 earthquakes per year
• Sits right across the San Andreas Fault
• Has an economy which would rank as the 7th
largest in the world if it were a nation
• Is home to 1 in 8 of the USAs population
• Is the home of the USAs official Christmas tree
– a giant sequoia 300 ft tall
• Had a former film star for a Governor
• Produces more than 17 million gallons of wine
per year
California Coast
Philippines
Average income (US$)
Country type
Human development index
Annual population growth
Under 5 mortality rate
Physical geography
Hazards
45,000
HIC
2.3%
0.7%
0.78
Plains and mountain ranges
7 per 1,000
0.95
RIC
40 per 1,000
1,415
Numerous volcanic islands
Earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides/lahars, typhoons, flooding
Earthquakes, tsunamis, flash floods, fire
California Coast
Philippines
Average income (US$)
45,000
1,415
Country type
HIC
RIC
Human development
index
0.95
0.78
Annual population
growth
0.7%
2.3%
Under 5 mortality rate
7 per 1,000
40 per 1,000
Physical geography
Plains and mountain
ranges
Numerous volcanic islands
Hazards
Earthquakes,
Earthquakes, volcanoes,
tsunamis, flash floods, landslides/lahars, typhoons,
fire
flooding
What are Disaster Hotspots?
Disaster hotspots occur when two or
more hazards occur in the same
location.
In many cases, one hazard triggers or
exacerbates another for example
earthquakes trigger landslides.
Disaster hotspots are the world’s
most unpredictable and dangerous
locations.
The Philippines and the California
coast are compulsory case studies
that we are going to look at.
Your homework task
As a group you are to present a case study of The Philippines as a location that experiences
several hazardous events. You are investigating how hydrometeorological hazards
sometimes contribute to tectonic hazards, so there must be a link e.g. an earthquake event
made worse by a cyclone event shortly after.
I suggest you split up the information below between your group and produce small snippets of
info that can be stuck on an A3 piece of paper when you come to the lesson on Friday.
What about smaller geographical areas?
Think about trade...
Think about what
has happened to the
environment...
Think about
population density...
Think about
dependency on
services...
Think about planning
(particularly
housing)...
Think about how the
houses are
constructed...