Transcript CEE 437 Lecture 1

CEE 437 Lecture 1
October 1, 2002
Thomas Doe
Outline
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Course Introduction
Geology and Engineers
Brief History of Geology
Global Structure
Plate Tectonics
The Rock Cycle
Topic
Course Introduction, Earth Structure and Composition
Minerals, Rock Cycle, Lab
Sedimentary Rocks, Stratigraphy, Geologic Time
Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks, Lab
Geologic Maps and Stereonets
Structural Geology
Field Trip #1, Seattle Geology
Physical Properties of Rocks and Soils
Rock Mass Classification Indices
Fracture Characterisation and Fractured Rock Analysis
Rocks Slope and Tunnels
Mid Term
Field Trip #2, Cascadia
Site Characterization, Borehole Characterization and Geophysics
Landslides and Subsidence
Earthquakes and Seismology
Engineering Geology in Washington State
Glacial Geology
Thanksgiving
Field Trip #3: Glacial Geology
Hydrogeology I — Principles
Hydrogeology II — Site Characterization
Final Exam
Geology — Brief History
• Origins in late 18th and early 19th Centuries
• Catastrophism and Uniformitarianism
– Age of Earth
– Uniformity of Processes
• Plate Tectonics Revolution (1950’s to
1980’s)
• Neo-Catastrophism
Siccar Point Unconformity
Smith’s
Map of
England
Engineering and Geology
• William Smith and the English geological
map
• Karl Terzaghi and insights to the
distribution of earth materials
• Earth heterogeneity!!!!
Global Structure
• Based mainly on seismic information and
meteorite compositions
• Crust ~25-75 km depending varyin under
continents and oceans
Global Structure
Velocity Variation with Depth
Development of Plate Tectonics
• Evidence from ocean floor magnetism and
ages
• Evidence from seismicity
• Evidence from cross-continent correlations
of rocks
Global Seismicity
Benioff Zone
Sea-floor Spreading
• Mantle convection driven
Seafloor Spreading — Sediment
Ages
Evolution of Spreading Sea Floor
— Atlantic Analog
Convergent Margins
• Ocean to Continent
• Continent to Continent
Convergent Margin
Rock Cycle
Convergent Margin —
Subduction Zone
Major Crustal Plates
Evolution of Continents — North
American Craton
North American Accretion