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Canada’s Physical
Geography
How old is the Earth?
► 4.5
Billion years old
► Canada
completely covered in ice 18,000
years ago
What is Geography ?
► the
physical characteristics of an area
EVERYONE FREEZE!!
Continental Drift
► Movement
plates
► Alfred
of the continents on the Earth’s
Wegener – German Scientist
Plate Tectonics
► Plate
movement by convection currents
Pangea
Let’s see how it all works...
► http://dsc.discovery.com/videos/understand
ing-volcanoes-plate-tectonics.html
Review of Earth’s crust
movement
Layers of the Earth
Layers of the Earth
► Inner
Core - solid and very hot, great
pressure
► Outer Core – liquid and hot
► Mantle – melted rock called magma – hot,
dense, slow moving
► Crust – solid rock of the surface
Plates of the World
Subduction Zone
Landforms
► Natural
► Built
features of the lands surface
from:
 material from beneath Earth’s crust
 movement of the Earth’s crust
Building Landforms
► Examples,
text page 24
Landforms shaped by four forces
► Mountain
building
► Weathering
► Erosion
► Deposition
Fjord
►
Narrow inlet of the sea
between cliffs or steep
slopes.
Sognefjord in Norway
Horn
►
Mountaintop that has been
modified by the action of
ice during glaciation and
frost weathering
The Matterhorn in the
European Alps
Talus
►
Broken rock that appears
at the bottom of mountain
cliffs or valley shoulders
Talus Slope, Colorado, USA.
Oxbow Lake
►
Formed when a wide meander from a stream or a river
is cut off to form a lake
Have distinctive curved shape
►
Oxbow Lake in Montana
►
Hoodoo
►
►
Tall thin spires of rock that protrude from the bottom of
arid basins and badlands
Composed of soft sedimentary rock, topped by a piece of
harder rock
Drumheller, Alberta
Slope
►
Forms created or modified on a slope where there is
considerable relief
Rattlesnake Point in Milton, Ontario
Pingo
►
Mound of earth-covered ice found in the Arctic,
subarctic, and Antarctica
Alaska/Yukon border
Drumlin
►
(Irish droimnín, a little hill ridge) - an elongated whaleshaped hill formed by glacial action
Georges Island
Halifax, NS
Stack
►
A steep, vertical column or columns of rock in the sea
near a coast
Flowerpot Island
Lake Huron
Waterfall
►
Results from water flowing
over an erosion-resistant
rock formation that forms
a sudden break in
elevation
American Falls, Bridal Veil Falls,
Niagara Falls, USA
Sand Spit
►
►
►
A deposition landform found off coasts
A type of bar or beach at a cove, bay, or river mouth
Formed by the movement of sediment
Southport Spit, Australia
Erratic
►
A boulder that has been transported some distance
from its source by a glacier
Point Lake, NWT