Earth Science
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Transcript Earth Science
Earth Science
S5E1
S5E1a
S5E1b
What are Constructive Forces?
Forces that build up new landforms.
What are Destructive Forces?
Forces that change landforms
Impact of Organisms?
Lichens & mosses-chemicals
Large animals- moles
Small Animals - termites
Large plants-tree roots
Small plants-mosses or other small
plants that change rock into loose soil
Earth’s Surface
Contour lines-lines that show elevation
on a topographical map
Crust-thin outer layer of Earth; makes
up continent & ocean floor
Topographic map-map that shows the
shape of surface features & their
elevations
How is Earth’s Surface Worn
Down?
Erosion-destructive force; rock is moved
Sediment-pieces of moved rock
Weathering-destructive force; breaks
rocks down
How is Earth’s Surface Built
Up?
Deposition-constructive force; rock is
dropped in one place from another
place
Earth’s Six Landforms
Page 17
Mountains
Hills
Mountain valleys
Plateaus
Plains
River valleys
Flood plains
What is Earth’s Structure?
Core-Earth’s innermost structure
Crust-outer layer of rock
Lithosphere-shell formed from Earth’s
solid upper mantle and crust
Mantle-thick layer of Earth’s structure
just below the crust
Plate Tectonics-giant plates of rock
What are Earthquakes
&Volcanoes?
Earthquake-violent shaking- release of energy
Epicenter-point where the earthquake originates
Fault-crack in Earth’s crust where movement takes
place
Magma-melted rock, becomes lava at surface
Seismic waves-waves sent through Earth’s surface
during earthquakes
Ring of Fire-area along the edge of the Pacific
How Do Mountains Form?
Dome Mountains-mountain formed
when magma pushes up but does not
break through
Fault-block Mountains-mountains
formed along fault lines
Fold Mountains-mountains formed when
plates collide and force layers of rock
into folds
How can Floods Be
Controlled?
Dam- wall across a river holding water back
Flood-water flowing where land is usually dry
Floodway-prepared path
Levee-a wall to prevent flooding
Reservoir-an artificial lake
Storm drain-pipes or channels to carry water
away
How can Beaches Be
Protected?
Barrier island-land formed by sand and dirt
off shore GA’s Golden Isles: St. Simons,
Jekyll are examples.
Beach Nourishment-dumping new sand on
beaches to restore them
Dredging-deepening or widening of a river or
harbor
Jetty-thin narrow wall built from the shoreline
into the ocean
Sea Wall-tall wall to receive waves at high
tide
How is Farmland Managed?
Contour plowing-plowing in curved lines in
the shape of the land
Soil-natural resource mad of small rocks,
minerals, water, gases, & organic matter
Subsoil-layer under topsoil
Terrace farming-planting crops in level
sections called terraces
Topsoil-uppermost layer of soil
Managing Earth’s Changes