Transcript In class Review Notes(5-20-14)

Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q5
Q6
Q7
Q8
Q9
Q10
Q11
Q12
Q13
Q14
Q 15
Q 16
Q17
Q18
Q19
Q20
Q21
Q22
Q23
Q24
Q25
Q26
Q27
Q28
Q29
Q30
Q31
Q32
Blingo Review Part I
Review #1
 List the 4 branches of Earth Science and describe
what each studies.
Answer #1
 Geology= study of earth
 Meteorology= study of weather
 Astronomy= study of all objects in space
 Oceanography= study of the oceans
Review #2
 List the 4 spheres and describe each.
Answer #2
 Geosphere= layer that contains core, mantle, crust
 Hydrosphere= layer that contains water
 Atmosphere= layer that contains breathable air
 Biosphere= layer that contains all life
Questions 3
 3. What is the difference between physical geology
and historical geology?
Answer #3
 Physical Geology studies that size, shape, texture,
and appearance of rocks and formations on earth
 Historical Geology= study of the past history of the
Earth
Question 4
 List three processes that add carbon to the
atmosphere.
Answer 4
 Combustion of fossil fuels
 Burning of Forests
 Respiration from living things
 Melting of permafrost
 Volcanic eruptions
 Weathering
Q5
 What type of technology combines the use of satellite
information in three dimensions?
A5
 Global Position Systems or GPS
Q6
 List the three types of rock and describe how each
are formed in the rock cycle.
A6
 Igneous=cooled magma, extrusive outside, intrusive
inside
 Sedimentary= rock formed from eroded and weathered
rock
 Metamorphic=rock that has been pressurized by heat
and pressure
Q7
 7. What powers the rock cycle?
A7
 Heat from the center of the Earth creates igneous
rock and forces it to the surface, heat also pressurizes
metamorphic
Q8
 8. How are fossils found in sedimentary rock useful?
A8
 Index fossils are used because they are only found
in certain time periods and are used to date rocks.
http://www.phschool.com/atschool/phsciexp/active_art/inde
x_fossils/index.html
Q9
 9. What is continental drift? List three pieces of
evidence for continental drift.
A9
 Continental drift is the slow movement of the
continents as they float on the liquid mantle…..
EVIDENCE
 1. The fossil glosspteris
 2. Ice found in Africa
 3. The same mountains in Europe and America
Q10
 10. List the three types of plate boundaries and the
landforms or geologic processes that can occur at
each.
A10
 Divergent: moves apart, mid-ocean ridge, rift
zone
 Convergent: come together, mountains, subduction,
explosive volcanoes
 Transform: sliding, faults, earthquakes
Q11
 11. Compare and contrast relative and absolute
dating.
A11
 Relative Dating: Compares relative positions of rocks using three




principles:
Superposition: Layer on top youngest
Crosscutting Principle: Faults or intrusion cutting through
rock is youngest
Original Horizontality: all rock laid down horizontally at first,
-unconformities : Gap in the rock record
 Radioactive Dating: Uses the percentage of a remaining isotope of
carbon 14 or uranium 238 to find the age of rock… scientists
must know the half life to do the calculations.
Radioactive dating animation
http://www.brainpop.com/science/ea
rthsystem/carbondating/
Q12
 What is uniformitarianism?
A12
 What happened in the past happened today… the
same processes that made the earth are at work
today shaping our planet.
Q13
 What is radioactive dating and how is it used?
A13
Radioactive Dating: Uses a percentage of a
remaining isotope of carbon 14 or uranium 238
to find the age of rock… scientists must know
the half life to do the calculations.
http://www.brainpop.com/science/
earthsystem/carbondating/
Radioactive dating animation
Q14
 List the 4 types of fossils and describe them….
A14
 Molds and castes(3d preservation)
 Preserved specimens(hair and skin present)
 Trace fossils(footprints and markings)
 Carbon film(black film imprint)
Q15
 Age of the Earth?
 Age of the Universe?
 Existence of humans?
 Existance of Animals?
A15
 Age of the Earth?
 4.6 billion years
 Age of the Universe?
14 billion years
 Existence of humans?
2 million years
 Existance of Animals?
 500 million years
Q16
 List the main Eras and how long they lasted
Q 23: Describe How scientists measure a
star’s brightness
 A stars brightness is either called its absolute
MAGNITUDE or it apparent MAGNITUDE.
 It is measured on a scale of -10 to +10. -10 is the
BRIGHTEST.
A16
 Precambrian: 2 bya to 600 mya
 Paleozoic: 600 mya to 200 mya
 Mesozoic: 200 mya to 65 mya
 Cenozoic: 65 mya to present
A17
 Compare and Contrast Jovian and Terrestrial
Planets
Q17
Terrestrial
Jovian
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
Rocky, dense, small
Gases, light, large
Few moons
Many moons
No rings
Each has rings
Q18
 What is the Nebular theory….
A18
 The idea that our solar system formed from a disk of
gas and dust called a nebula, gaseous planets formed
in a cold zone for away from the sun, and rocky
planets formed in a hot zone close to the sun.
Q 19 What are the three types of galaxies
 A 19:
 Spiral
 Elliptical
 Irregular
Q 20: What is Hubble’s Law
 This law states that the universe is expanding, and at
one time must have formed from a large explosion
called the “Big Bang”
Q 21: List the three main types of stars and
their temperatures
 Red: cool
 Yellow: Medium
 Blue: hottest
Q 22: Distance is measured in space with:
 Light years
 1 light year equals around 6 trillion miles.
Q 24: How are stars organized on the HR
diagram
 Supergiants: Largest stars, often brightest
 White Dwarfs: Tiny, hot, and dim
 Main-Sequence Stars: 90% of all stars are Main
sequence
Q 25: Describe the life cycle of a star
 1. Star Birth: Protostar reaches a temperature hot




enough for nuclear fusion to begin
2. Main sequence: 90% of a stars life is contain in
this stable stage
3. All stars run out of fuel and collapse
4. Most stars(our Sun) go through a red giant phase
when they first run out 0f fuel.
4. The largest stars have such a strong gravitational
pull when they collapse that they become BLACK
HOLES