Transcript PPT

Bell Work: 4/15/14
TCAP PRACTICE QUESTIONS
Complete question #26-30
Please do NOT write in TCAP booklet!
Bubble in the correct answer on the bubble sheet
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Scan your bubble sheet and record your score.
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You have 5 minutes to answer the questions.
Your time starts as soon as the bell rings.
Chp. 13-18: Objectives Covered
O SPI 0707.7.1 Use a table of physical properties to classify
O
O
O
O
O
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minerals.
SPI 0707.7.2 Label a diagram that depicts the three different
rock types.
SPI 0707.7.3 Identify the major processes that drive the rock
cycle.
SPI 0707.7.4 Differentiate among the characteristics of the
earth’s three layers.
SPI 0707.7.5 Recognize that lithospheric plates on the scale
of continents and oceans continually move at rates of
centimeters per year.
SPI 0707.7.6 Describe the relationship between plate
movements and earthquakes, mountain building, volcanoes,
and sea floor spreading.
SPI 0707.7.7 Analyze and evaluate the impact of man’s use
of earth’s land, water, and atmospheric resources.
Mineral Identification
1.
Color
O Not the best way to identify a mineral because the same mineral can come
in a variety of colors or different minerals can also be the same color
2.
Luster
O the way a surface reflects light (metallic, pearly, waxy, etc.)
3.
Streak
O the color of the powder that a mineral leaves behind
4.
Cleavage/Fracture
O The different ways a mineral can break (smooth/flat or rough/jagged)
5.
Hardness
O a mineral’s resistance to being scratched (Mohs Hardness Scale 1 (soft:
Talc)-10 (hardest: Diamond)
6.
Density
O the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance; the
measure of how much matter (mass) is in a given amount of space
(volume)
7.
Special Properties
O Special characteristics of a mineral (fluorescence, odor, magnetism)
3 Types of Rocks
Igneous Rocks
How: Forms when
magma (hot, liquid
rock) cools and
hardens
Where: on the Earth’s
surface (extrusive) or
beneath the Earth’s
surface (intrusive)
Example: Obsidian
Sedimentary Rocks
How: when rocks are
broken down into
sediments and those
pieces of sediment form
layers that are
compacted and
cemented together
Where: on the Earth’s
surface from
weathering, erosion, &
deposition
Example: Sandstone
Metamorphic Rocks
How: rocks in which
the structure, texture,
or composition of the
rock have changed
because of heat and
pressure
Where: deep within
the Earth (below the
surface)
Example: Marble
Processes of the Rock Cycle
1.
Melting:
O Under extreme heat, rocks can melt into magma
2.
Cooling and Hardening:
O Magma will cool and harden into igneous rocks
3.
Weathering, Erosion, & Deposition:
O Weathering breaks down the rocks
O Erosion carries the sediments away
O Deposition drops the sediments (like it’s hot!)
4.
Compaction and Cementation:
O Sediments create layers and over time these layers are
compacted and cemented together
5.
Heat and Pressure:
O Under extreme heat and pressure rocks can change form
(metamorphism)
Layers of the Earth
1.
Crust
O outermost layer of Earth; thinnest layer (1% of Earth's
mass); two types of crust: continental and oceanic crust
2.
Mantle
O thickest layer of Earth between the crust and core (67%
of Earth's mass); solid rock that flows (silly putty rockconvection currents)
3.
Outer Core
O liquid iron and nickel
4.
Inner Core
O Solid iron and nickel
Plate Tectonics
O Tectonic Plates:
O parts of the lithosphere that move around on top of the
asthenosphere (middle mantle)
O Types of boundaries:
O Transform- plates slide past each other causing
earthquakes
O Divergent- plates move apart causing sea-floor
spreading and volcanoes
O Convergent- plates collide causing mountains and
volcanoes
O Pangaea:
O Alfred Wegener believed that the continents were one
single landmass called Pangaea, they separated, and
drifted apart to how they are today (continental drift)
Earth’s Resources
Renewable Resources
O Resources that can
be renewed or used
again in our life time
(fresh water, solar
power, trees, etc.)
Nonrenewable Resources
O Resources that cannot
be renewed or used
again in our life time;
once it is used, it is
gone and will take
hundreds, upon
thousands of years to
renew (fossil fuels, like
coal, oil, and natural
gas)