Transcript Section 1: Minerals and Mineral Resources p.440

Bingham Canyon Part 1
Bingham Canyon Mine Explosion by Kennecot Copper
Ch. 16
Mining and Mineral Resources p. 439
Section 1: Minerals and Mineral Resources p.440
Make a list of everyday items that
are made
from minerals.
Amethystsilicon dioxide
SiO2
A variety of Quartz
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Car batteries
fireworks
Toothpaste
airplanes
Computer chips
spacecrafts
Plant fertilizers
golf and tennis balls
Cosmetics
minerals to color glass
Building materials
Stain-less steel silverware
Porcelain
Magnesite ---”mag wheels”
Diamonds
Open Pit Mining
Open Pit Mining
The Challenge
To satisfy the demand for
mineral resources while
minimizing the cost to the
environment !
Objectives
• Define the term mineral.
• Explain the difference between a metal
and a nonmetal and give examples of
each.
• Describe three processes by which oremineral form.
Start your notes Here !!!!!
What is a mineral?
Over 4,900 different minerals
----a naturally occurring, usually inorganic solid that hasa. A characteristic chemical composition (melting point
and hardness)
b. An orderly internal structure (arrangement of atomic
particles in regular, repeating geometric patterns)
c. A characteristic set of physical properties (observable
or measurable such as mass, shape, color, strength)
It is not a rock! Made of minerals and nonminerals
Minerals
• Single element- called Native elements
Gold
Silver
Copper
Or compounds- atoms of two or more
elements
The most common are the silicates that
contain silica which makes up the Earth’s
crust.
Ore minerals -minerals that are
valuable and economical to extract
Metallic-gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu)
• Conduct electricity
• Have shiny surfaces
• Are opaque
Ore minerals
Nonmetallic – iron, lead, tin, sulfer, silica,
granite, diamonds
May be dull or shiny
Good insulators
May allow light to pass through
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How do Ore Minerals Form?
Depends upon the environment in which
they form
• Beneath the Earth’s surface
• On the Earth’s surface
• At bottoms of lakes and oceans
Hydrothermal Solutions - Hot subsurface
waters that contain dissolved minerals
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This water flows through cracks in rocks
It dissolves minerals
They crystallize and fill fractures
Forms ore deposits called veins
Easier to extract
Evaporites- salt deposits
• Rivers and streams wash over land
surfaces
• This dissolves salts and carries them to
ocean and inland lakes
• Water evaporates
• Salt deposits are left behind
• Examples-halite (rock salt) and gypsum
Magma
• Cooling magma concentrates minerals in
the lower part of the magma body as it
cools and moves upward through the
crust.
Mineral Resources and Their Uses
p. 444
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Can be pounded into various shapes
Stretch without breaking
Good conductors of heat and electricity
Durability and resistance to corrosion
can be combined to form alloys (two or more metals)
Construction industry -sheetrock and concrete
Roads, buildings, gravel
Computer chips
Airplanes
Gemstones prized for the beauty
Turquoise –mined for 10,000
years in Az.
Ticket Out-use notebook paper
open books to page 441
1. Define - mineral
2. What is the difference between a mental and
a non-metal and give tow examples from the
book- (not notes)
3. What is the most consumed ore in the United
States?
4. What are gangue minerals? p.442
5. Name three processed by which mineral form.
6. List four minerals and their uses from the chart
on page 414.
7. Ilmenite is an important ore for which element
and how is it used. (Figure 5)
On back of handout Map Skills
Go to p.464
Answer 1-4
1.
2.
______________
a.___ +___+___ + ___ = _____ / 31.6 X 100 = _____
b. gold ___________________________________
copper __________________________________
iron ore _________________________________
zinc ____________________________________
3. a. ____+ ____ = _____ / 31.6 X 100 = ____
b. __________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________
(Yes - abbreviate the states)
Ch. 16
Mining and Mineral Resources p.
Section 2 p. 445
Mineral Exploration and Mining
“The meek shall inherit the Earth but not the
mineral rights.”
What you think this statement means. What would
you do if valuable minerals were discovered on
land that you owned?
Ch. 16
Mining and Mineral Resources p. 451
Section 3: Mining Regulations and Mine
Reclamation
List some of the effects that mining may have on the
environment. What kinds of laws could ensure that
the environmental effects of mining are minimized?