Transcript CRCT Earth Science 5

CRCT Earth Science 5
2008
Chapter 5
CRCT Preparation
1. Which of the following determines whether a
resource is a renewable resource or a nonrenewable
resource?
A the cost for obtaining and using the resource
B the effects of the resource on the environment
C whether the resource is used to generate energy or is
made into products
D the rate at which the resource can be replaced
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2. What is the source of energy
shown in the diagram, and how is
the energy being used?
A Geothermal energy is being used to
generate chemical energy.
B Geothermal energy is being used to
generate electrical energy.
C Hydroelectric energy is being used to
generate chemical energy.
D hydroelectric energy is being used to
generate electrical energy.
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3. Which of the following is a way of conserving soil?
A riding a bike instead of driving a car
B turning off lights when they are not in use
C restoring land after the surface mining of coal
D making sure that the washing machine is full before
starting it
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4. Which of the following statements about all fossil
fuels is true?
A Fossil fuels are liquids.
B Fossil fuels are found only on land.
C Fossil fuels move through permeable rock.
D Fossil fuels form from the remains of ancient
organisms.
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5. Which type of fuel forms when pressure and heat
cause changes in the remains of swamp plants?
A coal
B gasohol
C petroleum
D natural gas
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6. What percentage of the electric power generated in
2003 came from sources that originated from the sun?
A 85%
B 93%
C 96%
D 100%
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7. Why is the energy that is generated at a
hydroelectric dam dependent on the sun?
A The sun’s gravity causes water to flow.
B Energy from the sun powers the water cycle.
C Sunlight gets rid of the pollution created by
hydroelectric dams.
D Sunlight is the source of energy in the fuels burned
by hydroelectric dams.
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8. Which of the following resources is nonrenewable?
A wind
B wood
C sunlight
D natural gas
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9. What is the most common way to release biomass
energy?
A to burn it
B to recycle it
C to compress and heat it
D to convert it into petroleum
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10. What is the ultimate source of almost all energy?
Explain your answer.
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11. In what ways is the production of wind energy
limited by time and place?
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12. The death of every member of a species is
called
A catastrophism.
B uniformitarianism.
C superposition.
D extinction
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13. Which of the following provides evidence that
environmental conditions on Earth have changed?
A a fossilized footprint found in lava rock
B an insect fossil found in amber
C a marine fossil found on a mountaintop
D a dinosaur fossil found in sedimentary rock
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14. Which of the following vertebrate animals
dominated Earth during the Mesozoic Era?
A reptiles
B amphibians
C mammals
D birds
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15. Which of the following statements correctly describes
information contained in the fossil record?
A The fossil record contains more information on softbodied organisms than on hard-bodied organisms.
B The fossil record provides paleontologists with a
continuous record of changes in organisms.
C The fossil record contains information on the majority of
organisms that have lived.
D The fossil record reveals a history of environmental
change.
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16. Which of the following statements best describes
present ideas about geologic change?
A All geologic change occurs gradually and uniformly.
B Most geologic change occurs gradually and
uniformly.
C All geologic change occurs rapidly and
catastrophically.
D Most geologic change occurs rapidly and
catastrophically.
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17. A small reptile of the genus Mesosaurus lived 260
million years ago and is now extinct. Fossils of this
reptile have been found in both South America and
southern Africa. Which of the following statements best
explains why the fossils were found on both
continents?
A At one time, the continents were joined.
B The reptile swam across the Atlantic Ocean.
C The reptile traveled across a land bridge.
D People brought the reptile to South America.
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18. Which of the following would be an example of
gradual geologic change?
A a volcanic eruption
B an earthquake-generated tsunami
C a global rise in sea level
D an asteroid striking Earth
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Use the diagram to answer question 10.
19. Determine what sequence of events occurred in
the rock layers shown in the diagram.
A An intrusion formed, and then the rock
layers formed around the intrusion.
B First, the bottom rock layer formed.
The, the intrusion formed. Finally, the
other rock layers formed.
C The rock layers were folded, and then
an intrusion cut through the layers.
D The rock layers formed, and then an
intrusion cut through some of the layers.
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20. Fossils of coniferous leaves and wood that date to
the Early Eocene Epoch have been found in Antarctica.
The trees are similar to species found today in southern
Argentina and in Chile. What does the presence of these
fossils suggest about the past environment of Antarctica?
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21. What two methods could geologists use to
determine the youngest rocks in a sequence in which the
rocks appear to have been disturbed?
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22. How do mid-ocean ridges support both the idea of
continental drift and the theory of plate tectonics?
A Oceanic lithosphere is destroyed at mid-ocean
ridges.
B New crust forms at mid-ocean ridges.
C Tectonic plates collide at mid-ocean ridges.
D The crust at mid-ocean ridges is old oceanic
lithosphere.
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23. Which of the following compositional layers makes
up the greatest percentage of Earth’s mass?
A continental crust
B oceanic crust
C the mantle
D the core
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24. How does fossil evidence support Wegener’s
hypothesis of continental drift?
A Similar fossils found on far apart landmasses suggest
that the continents were once a single landmass.
B Fossil evidence suggests that the continents have
always been in their current positions.
C No similarities exist between fossils on different
continents.
D Plant and animal fossils show evidence of changes in
Earth’s polarity.
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25. Most of the world’s folded mountains formed as a
result of
A oceanic-oceanic separation at mid-ocean ridges.
B continental-continental separation at rift zones.
C continental-oceanic collision at subduction zones.
D continental-continental collision at convergent
boundaries.