Transcript CRCT Earth Science Review 6

CRCT Earth Science Review
6
2008
Chapter 7
CRCT Preparation
1. How do mid-ocean ridges support both the idea of
continental drift and the theory of plate tectonics?
A Oceanic lithosphere is destroyed at mid-ocean
ridges.
B New crust forms at mid-ocean ridges.
C Tectonic plates collide at mid-ocean ridges.
D The crust at mid-ocean ridges is old oceanic
lithosphere.
Chapter 7
CRCT Preparation
2. Which of the following compositional layers makes
up the greatest percentage of Earth’s mass?
A continental crust
B oceanic crust
C the mantle
D the core
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CRCT Preparation
3. How does fossil evidence support Wegener’s
hypothesis of continental drift?
A Similar fossils found on far apart landmasses suggest
that the continents were once a single landmass.
B Fossil evidence suggests that the continents have
always been in their current positions.
C No similarities exist between fossils on different
continents.
D Plant and animal fossils show evidence of changes in
Earth’s polarity.
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CRCT Preparation
4. Most of the world’s folded mountains formed as a
result of
A oceanic-oceanic separation at mid-ocean ridges.
B continental-continental separation at rift zones.
C continental-oceanic collision at subduction zones.
D continental-continental collision at convergent
boundaries.
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CRCT Preparation
5. Which of the following geologic features forms as a
result of tension?
A an anticline
B a syncline
C a normal fault
D a reverse fault
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6. Scientists think that all of the present-day continents
were once joined in a single supercontinent called
A Pangaea.
B Panthalassa.
C Laurasia.
D Gondwana.
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Use the diagram to answer question 7.
7. Which of the following structures is shown in the
diagram if the bottom layer is the oldest?
A a monocline
C an anticline
B a fault
D a syncline
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8. The sinking of Earth’s crust to lower elevations is
called
A rebound.
B subsidence.
C uplift.
D deformation.
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9. Sea-floor spreading occurs at which of the following
types of tectonic plate boundaries?
A transform
B convergent
C divergent
D strike-slip
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CRCT Preparation
Use the table to answer question 10.
10. According to the table, which of the following
statements is true?
A Oceanic crust is Earth’s thinnest
and least dense compositional
layer.
B Continental crust is Earth’s
thinnest and densest compositional
layer.
C The mantle is Earth’s thickest
and densest compositional layer.
D The core is Earth’s thickest and
densest compositional layer.
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CRCT Preparation
11. The Appalachian Mountains and the Himalaya
Mountains were both formed by folding. The Himalayas
are still growing taller. The Appalachian Mountains are
losing height and becoming more rounded. Why are
these mountains changing in different ways?
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12. The Cartersville fault formed when metamorphic
rocks from Georgia’s Piedmont region were pushed
over sedimentary rock layers in the Valley and Ridge
region to the west. What kind of fault is the Cartersville
fault? Explain your answer.
Chapter 8
CRCT Preparation
13. What happens when two tectonic plates push
against each other?
A Potential energy is released.
B Kinetic energy is released.
C Potential energy builds up.
D Nothing happens.
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14. A seismologist is setting up an earthquake
research laboratory. Which of the following pieces of
laboratory equipment would be the most useful for
measuring the magnitude of an earthquake?
A Richter scale
B seismograph
C shake table
D epicenterometer
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15. An earthquake model that uses gelatin to simulate
rock is limited because
A rock does not shake during earthquakes.
B gelatin has a different density than rock has.
C you cannot eat rock.
D gelatin has a different color than rock has.
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16. Earthquake waves that cause the ground to move
up and down, much like ocean waves move water
particles, are known as
A S waves.
B body waves.
C surface waves.
D P waves.
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17. The seismogram shows the ground movement
that occurred during a recent earthquake in
northwestern Georgia. Which wave type caused the
largest ground movements?
A P waves
C body waves
B S waves
D surface waves
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18. As part of an earthquake modeling lab experiment,
Dale must determine the density of a sample of rock.
Density is determined by dividing the mass of the
sample by its volume. Which pieces of laboratory
equipment would be the best choice for making the
necessary measurements?
A beaker, graduated cylinder
B petri dish, balance
C balance, graduated cylinder
D graduated cylinder, stopwatch
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19. What is the difference between plastic deformation and
elastic deformation?
A In plastic deformation, tectonic plates move on top of a
layer of plastic rock; in elastic deformation, they remain fixed.
B In plastic deformation, blocks move over one another; in
elastic deformation, blocks slide past one another.
C In plastic deformation, earthquakes occur; in elastic
deformation, they do not.
D In plastic deformation, rock is reshaped; in elastic
deformation, rock is stretched to its breaking point.
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20. Hebert is drawing a diagram of an earthquake as
part of a field investigation. What label should Hebert
apply to the point inside Earth where the earthquake
begins?
A epicenter
B focus
C ground zero
D plate boundary
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21. Which of the following statements best describes
elastic rebound?
A Rock loses cohesion and allows water to flow into
newly opened spaces.
B Rock slips along a fault, releases energy as seismic
waves, and returns to its original shape.
C Rock changes shape, but does not release significant
amounts of energy.
D Rock becomes compacted under pressure and
realigns its mineral grains.
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22. The table summarizes the frequency of
earthquakes of various sizes throughout the world.
Based on the data given in the table, approximately
how many earthquakes in the range of 4.0-4.9
happen each year?
A 50
C several thousand
B 400
D several million
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23. There are three types of faults: strike-slip, reverse,
and normal. With what type of plate motion is each
associated? Describe how the Earth’s crust is affected
by each type of motion.
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24. A small earthquake struck Menlo, Georgia, on April
29, 2003. Menlo was either the earthquake’s focus or
its epicenter. Tell which is correct and explain your
answer.
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25. An underground surge in magma causes a sudden
and significant increase in the ground temperature of a
glacier covered volcano. This will most likely result in
A flooding or a mudslide.
B a global temperature increase.
C a tidal wave.
D a forest fire.