Transcript ch08_crct earthquakes

Chapter 8
Earthquakes
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CRCT Preparation
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1. What happens when two tectonic plates push
against each other?
A Potential energy is released.
B Kinetic energy is released.
C Potential energy builds up.
D Nothing happens.
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Chapter 8
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1. What happens when two tectonic plates push
against each other?
A Potential energy is released.
B Kinetic energy is released.
C Potential energy builds up.
D Nothing happens.
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Main
Chapter 8
CRCT Preparation
2. A seismologist is setting up an earthquake
research laboratory. Which of the following pieces of
laboratory equipment would be the most useful for
measuring the magnitude of an earthquake?
A Richter scale
B seismograph
C shake table
D epicenterometer
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2. A seismologist is setting up an earthquake
research laboratory. Which of the following pieces of
laboratory equipment would be the most useful for
measuring the magnitude of an earthquake?
A Richter scale
B seismograph
C shake table
D epicenterometer
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Chapter 8
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3. An earthquake model that uses gelatin to simulate
rock is limited because
A rock does not shake during earthquakes.
B gelatin has a different density than rock has.
C you cannot eat rock.
D gelatin has a different color than rock has.
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Chapter 8
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3. An earthquake model that uses gelatin to simulate
rock is limited because
A rock does not shake during earthquakes.
B gelatin has a different density than rock has.
C you cannot eat rock.
D gelatin has a different color than rock has.
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Chapter 8
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4. Earthquake waves that cause the ground to move
up and down, much like ocean waves move water
particles, are known as
A S waves.
B body waves.
C surface waves.
D P waves.
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4. Earthquake waves that cause the ground to move
up and down, much like ocean waves move water
particles, are known as
A S waves.
B body waves.
C surface waves.
D P waves.
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Chapter 8
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5. The seismogram shows the ground movement that
occurred during a recent earthquake in northwestern
Georgia. Which wave type caused the largest ground
movements?
A P waves
C body waves
B S waves
D surface waves
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5. The seismogram shows the ground movement that
occurred during a recent earthquake in northwestern
Georgia. Which wave type caused the largest ground
movements?
A P waves
C body waves
B S waves
D surface waves
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Chapter 8
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6. As part of an earthquake modeling lab experiment,
Dale must determine the density of a sample of rock.
Density is determined by dividing the mass of the
sample by its volume. Which pieces of laboratory
equipment would be the best choice for making the
necessary measurements?
A beaker, graduated cylinder
B petri dish, balance
C balance, graduated cylinder
D graduated cylinder, stopwatch
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6. As part of an earthquake modeling lab experiment,
Dale must determine the density of a sample of rock.
Density is determined by dividing the mass of the
sample by its volume. Which pieces of laboratory
equipment would be the best choice for making the
necessary measurements?
A beaker, graduated cylinder
B petri dish, balance
C balance, graduated cylinder
D graduated cylinder, stopwatch
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Chapter 8
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7. What is the difference between plastic deformation and
elastic deformation?
A In plastic deformation, tectonic plates move on top of a
layer of plastic rock; in elastic deformation, they remain fixed.
B In plastic deformation, blocks move over one another; in
elastic deformation, blocks slide past one another.
C In plastic deformation, earthquakes occur; in elastic
deformation, they do not.
D In plastic deformation, rock is reshaped; in elastic
deformation, rock is stretched to its breaking point.
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7. What is the difference between plastic deformation and
elastic deformation?
A In plastic deformation, tectonic plates move on top of a
layer of plastic rock; in elastic deformation, they remain fixed.
B In plastic deformation, blocks move over one another; in
elastic deformation, blocks slide past one another.
C In plastic deformation, earthquakes occur; in elastic
deformation, they do not.
D In plastic deformation, rock is reshaped; in elastic
deformation, rock is stretched to its breaking point.
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8. Hebert is drawing a diagram of an earthquake as part
of a field investigation. What label should Hebert apply
to the point inside Earth where the earthquake begins?
A epicenter
B focus
C ground zero
D plate boundary
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Chapter 8
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8. Hebert is drawing a diagram of an earthquake as part
of a field investigation. What label should Hebert apply
to the point inside Earth where the earthquake begins?
A epicenter
B focus
C ground zero
D plate boundary
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9. Which of the following statements best describes
elastic rebound?
A Rock loses cohesion and allows water to flow into
newly opened spaces.
B Rock slips along a fault, releases energy as seismic
waves, and returns to its original shape.
C Rock changes shape, but does not release significant
amounts of energy.
D Rock becomes compacted under pressure and
realigns its mineral grains.
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9. Which of the following statements best describes
elastic rebound?
A Rock loses cohesion and allows water to flow into
newly opened spaces.
B Rock slips along a fault, releases energy as seismic
waves, and returns to its original shape.
C Rock changes shape, but does not release significant
amounts of energy.
D Rock becomes compacted under pressure and
realigns its mineral grains.
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10. The table summarizes the frequency of
earthquakes of various sizes throughout the world.
Based on the data given in the table, approximately
how many earthquakes in the range of 4.0-4.9
happen each year?
A 50
C several thousand
B 400
D several million
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10. The table summarizes the frequency of
earthquakes of various sizes throughout the world.
Based on the data given in the table, approximately
how many earthquakes in the range of 4.0-4.9
happen each year?
A 50
C several thousand
B 400
D several million
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Chapter 8
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11. There are three types of faults: strike-slip, reverse,
and normal. With what type of plate motion is each
associated? Describe how the Earth’s crust is affected
by each type of motion.
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11. Answer - Full-credit answers should include the
following points:
• Strike-slip faults occur with transform motion. Blocks
of the Earth’s crust slide horizontally past one another.
• Reverse faults occur with convergent motion. Blocks
are pushed together and (usually) one slides under the
other.
• Normal faults occur with divergent motion. Blocks are
being pulled away from one another.
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12. A small earthquake struck Menlo, Georgia, on April
29, 2003. Menlo was either the earthquake’s focus or
its epicenter. Tell which is correct and explain your
answer.
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12. Answer - Full-credit answers should include the
following points:
• An earthquake’s focus is the point inside the Earth
where the earthquake originated; it is not a point on
Earth’s surface.
• An earthquake’s epicenter is located at the point on
Earth’s surface that is directly above the point where the
earthquake originated.
• Menlo was the earthquake’s epicenter.
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