Transcript FIRE – it is a chemical reaction that takes place between

Safety Training
Earthquake Overview
Measures Against Earthquakes
Fire Basics
Classes of Fire
Portable Fire Extinguisher Overview
Extinguishing a Fire
EARTHQUAKE
THINGS TO REMEMBER?
1. INEVITABLE
2. OCCURS ANYTIME OF THE DAY.
3. DOESN’T CHOOSE THE TIME AND
PLACE OF OCCURRENCE.
SO, ALWAYS EXPECT IT.
CAUSES OF EARTH QUAKE
1.Earthquake, shaking of the Earth’s surface
caused by rapid movement of the Earth’s
rocky outer layer.
2.Earthquakes occur when energy stored
within the Earth, usually in the form of strain
in rocks, suddenly releases.
3.This energy is transmitted to the surface of
the Earth by earthquake waves.
4.The study of earthquakes and the waves
they create is called seismology (from the
Greek seismos, “to shake”).
• Most earthquakes are caused by the sudden slip
along geologic faults. The faults slip because of
movement of the Earth’s tectonic plates. This
concept is called the elastic rebound theory. The
rocky tectonic plates move very slowly, floating on
top of a weaker rocky layer. As the plates collide with
each other or slide past each other, pressure builds
up within the rocky crust.
• Earthquakes occur when pressure within the crust
increases slowly over hundreds of years and finally
exceeds the strength of the rocks.
• Earthquakes also occur when human activities,
such as the filling of reservoirs, increase stress in the
Earth’s crust.
Precautionary Measures against
Earthquakes
Indoors:
• Don’t panic and stay inside. If you have time,
walk fast outside of the building and be careful of
falling debris;
• Take cover under doors, tables or beds;
• Stay away from chimneys or windows;
• Put out domestic fires;
• If damage has occurred, turn off electricity;
• Converse water in tank and cisterns;
• Don’t use match or open flames if leaking gas is
suspected.
Precautionary Measures against
Earthquakes
Outdoors:
• Keep clear of buildings, high walls and
electric power lines;
• If caught beside big building, seek refuge
under archways or doorways;
• Don’t re-enter badly damage building;
• If driving, stop and remain in your car until
you have assessed damage around you.
FIRE – it is a chemical
reaction that takes place
between fuel,
heat and
oxygen
in form of light
and noticeable
heat.
HOW FIRE BURNS?
Fire occurs whenever a given
material is heated on the
presence of oxygen to a
temperature corresponding to
the ignition point of the
material.
ELEMENTS OF FIRE
• FUEL
• OXYGEN
• HEAT
FUEL – any substance that will
burn when heated or hot enough in
the presence of sufficient oxygen.
OXYGEN – atmosphere
consists of 21% of oxygen,
78% nitrogen and 1% of other
elements.
HEAT
Three Stages:
1. Flash point – lowest temperature at which a flammable
substance will give off vapor that will ignite when a flame or
spark is introduced in the presence of sufficient oxygen.
2. Fire point – a temperature which is a few degrees higher
than a flash point in which a flammable substance will
continue to burn after it has been ignited.
3. Ignition point – a temperature which is higher than a fire
point at which a substance is heated to give off vapor that
will burn without the application of spark or a flame in the
presence of sufficient oxygen.
FIRE TRIANGLE
FUEL
Breaking the Fire Triangle
Removal of Fuel:
• Shut off fuel supply
• Jettisoning or relocation
Reduction of Heat:
• Use something that will absorb heat
• Water is the best cooling agent
FUEL
Control of Oxygen:
• Closing ventilation
• Displace or dilute oxygen by means of CO2
• Blanketing
CLASSES OF FIRE
Class “A” – combustible materials
• Characteristics – deep seated, leave ash and embers.
• Extinguishing method – cooling
Class “B” – flammable liquid, gases, greases and similar
products.
• Characteristic – surface burning.
• Extinguishing method – cut off oxygen supply or prevent
flammable vapor from being given off.
Class “C” – electrical fires
• Characteristic – electrical shock
• Extinguishing method – use non-conducting extinguishing
agent.
Class “D” – combustible metal fires
Types of Portable Fire
Extinguishers
Different types of fire extinguishers are designed
to fight different types of fires. The three most common
types of fire extinguishers are:
• Air pressurized water
extinguishers
• Carbon Dioxide extinguishers
• Dry Chemical Extinguishers
Air-pressurized water extinguishers
Air-pressurized water extinguishers
•
Water is one of the most commonly used extinguishing
agents for type A fires. They are filled about two-thirds of the
way with ordinary water, then pressurized with air. In some
cases, detergents are added to the water to produce a foam.
They stand about two to three feet tall and weigh
approximately 25 pounds when full.
•
APWs extinguish fire by cooling the surface of the fuel to
remove the "heat" element of the fire triangle.
•
APWs are designed for Class A (wood, paper, cloth, rubber,
and certain plastics) fires only.
Air-pressurized water extinguishers
• Never use water to extinguish flammable liquid
fires. Water is extremely ineffective at extinguishing this
type of fire and may make matters worse by the
spreading fire.
• Never use water to extinguish an electrical fire.
Water is a good conductor and may lead to electrocution
if used to extinguish an electrical fire. Electrical
equipment must be unplugged and/or de-energized
before using a water extinguisher on an electrical fire.
Carbon Dioxide extinguishers
Carbon Dioxide extinguishers
•
This type of extinguisher is filled with Carbon Dioxide (CO2), a nonflammable gas under extreme pressure. These extinguishers put
out fires by displacing oxygen, or taking away the oxygen element
of the fire triangle. Because of its high pressure, when you use this
extinguisher pieces of dry ice shoot from the horn, which also has a
cooling effect on the fire. You can recognize this type of
extinguisher by its hard horn and absent pressure gauge.
•
CO2 cylinders are red and range in size from five to 100 pounds or
larger.
•
CO2 extinguishers are designed for Class B and C (flammable liquid
and electrical) fires only.
Carbon Dioxide extinguishers
• CO2 is not recommended for Class A fires
because they may continue to smolder and re-ignite
after the CO2 dissipates.
• Never use CO2 extinguishers in a confined
space while people are present without proper
respiratory protection.
Dry Chemical extinguishers
OR
Dry Chemical extinguishers
•
Dry chemical extinguishers put out fires by coating the fuel with a
thin layer of fire retardant powder, separating the fuel from the
oxygen. The powder also works to interrupt the chemical reaction,
which makes these extinguishers extremely effective.
•
Dry chemical extinguishers are usually rated for class B and C
fires and may be marked multiple purpose for use in A, B, and C
fires. They contain an extinguishing agent and use a compressed,
non-flammable gas as a propellant.
•
Dry Chemical extinguishers will have a label indicating they may
be used on class A, B, and/or C fires.
OR
HCFC extinguishers
• Ideal for all classes of fire (A,B,C)
• Non-expirable. No need for yearly refill.
• Non-corrosive.
• Non-residual. Not messy to use.
• Multi-shot. Can be used for several times.
•Stop combustion chemically and directly without
powder, foam or water.
How Fire Extinguishers Work?
Portable fire extinguishers apply an
extinguishing agent that will either cool
burning fuel, displace or remove
oxygen, or stop the chemical reaction so
a fire cannot continue to burn. When the
handle of an extinguisher is
compressed, it opens an inner canister
of high-pressure gas that forces the
extinguishing agent from the main
cylinder through a siphon tube and out
the nozzle.
Care and Maintenance of Your Extinguisher
At least once a month you should inspect your extinguisher. Ensure that:
•
The extinguisher is not blocked by objects that could interfere
with access in an emergency.
•
The labels are readable.
•
The pressure is at the recommended level.
•
The nozzle or other parts are not obstructed.
•
The pin and tamper seal (if it has one) are intact.
•
There are no leaks, rust, chemical deposits and other signs of
abuse/wear.
•
Some manufacturers recommend shaking your dry chemical
extinguishers to prevent the powder from settling/packing.
•
Fire extinguishers should be pressure tested (a process called
hydrostatic testing) after a number of years to ensure that the cylinder
is safe to use.
If the extinguisher
is damaged or needs recharging, get it replaced immediately!
Recharge all extinguishers immediately after use regardless of how much they were
used.
Following the P.A.S.S Technique
• Pull…
• Aim…
• Squeeze…
• Sweep…
Following the P.A.S.S Technique
Pull…
…Pull the
pin. This will
also break the
tamper seal.
If you have the slightest doubt about your ability to fight a fire… EVACUATE IMMEDIATELY!
Following the P.A.S.S Technique
Aim…
…Aim low,
pointing the
extinguisher
nozzle (or its
horn or hoses) at
the base of the
fire.
If you have the slightest doubt about your ability to fight a fire… EVACUATE IMMEDIATELY!
Following the P.A.S.S Technique
Squeeze…
…Squeeze
the handle so
that it will
release the
extinguishing
agent.
If you have the slightest doubt about your ability to fight a fire… EVACUATE IMMEDIATELY!
Following the P.A.S.S Technique
Sweep…
…Sweep from
side to side at the
base of the fire until
the extinguisher is
completely empty
assuring that the
fire is out.
If you have the slightest doubt about your ability to fight a fire… EVACUATE IMMEDIATELY!
Fire extinguishers can represent an important
segment of any overall fire protection program.
However, their successful functioning depends upon
the following conditions having been met:
• (a) The fire extinguisher is properly
located and in working order.
• (b) The fire extinguisher is of the
proper type for a fire that can occur.
• (c) The fire is discovered while still
small enough for the fire extinguisher
to be effective.
• (d) The fire is discovered by a person
ready, willing, and able to use the fire
extinguisher.
In The Event of Fire
ind
nform
eact
Xtinguish
or evacuate
CU Safety and Health Committee
Dr. V. Salas
– VPOPD
3/M J. Echeveria – Safety Officer, Safety Leader (CME)
Mr. L. Pangan
– PPFMO
Dr. N. Salubre
– Medical Officer
Dr. A. Aladano
– Safety Leader (Graduate School)
Dr. M. Campano
– Safety Leader (College of Education)
Engr. R. Feliciano – Safety Leader (College of Engineering)
Mrs. A. Cruz – Safety Leader (College of Business Administration)
Mr. F. Dela Fuente, Jr. – Safety Leader (College of Criminology)
Mr. C. Rañoa
– Safety Leader (College of Arts and Sciences)
Mr. H. Fabre
– Safety Leader (College of Nursing and Midwifery)
Mr. A. Ranido
– Safety Leader (College of Computer Studies)
Mr. B. Cortes, Jr. - Safety Leader (CUBED)